equal protection

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In 1978, Congress enacted the Indian Child Welfare Act (“ICWA”) to protect American Indian children from widespread removal from their native families and communities and placement in non-Indian homes. Brackeen v. Haaland at 28–29. Prior to ICWA’s...

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In 2000, Arizona voters approved a ballot initiative creating the Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission, entrusted with redrawing the state’s legislative and congressional districts for future elections. See Harris v. Ariz. Indep. Redistricting...

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This case begins with a loan dispute between Valerie Hawkins and Janice Patterson, as guarantors, and the Community Bank of Raymore, (“Raymore”), as creditor. See Hawkins v. Cmty. Bank of Raymore, 761 F.3d 937, 939 (8th Cir. 2015). Hawkins and...

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[Questions presented] [Issues] [Facts] [Discussion] [Analysis] Issues

1. Does a state violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by defining marriage solely as the union of a man and a woman?

2. Do the official proponents...

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The U.S. Constitution requires states to reapportion their respective congressional seats based on population changes reflected by the U.S. Census Bureau’s decennial census. See U.S. Const. art. I, § 2. The 2000 decennial census reflected a population...

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In 1962, Luis Ramon Morales-Santana was born in the Dominican Republic to unmarried parents. See Morales-Santana v. Lynch, 804 F.3d 521, 524 (2nd Cir. 2015). At the time of Morales-Santana’s birth, his mother was a citizen of the Dominican Republic,...

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Facts

In 2000, at the age of 55, Levin began working as an AAG for the state of Illinois. See Levin v. Madigan, 692 F.3d 607, 609 (7th Cir. 2012). After six years and a promotion to Senior AAG, Madigan’s office terminated Levin’s employment. See id....

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Alabama has seven seats in the United States House of Representatives. Milligan v. Merrill at 2–3. Following the 2020 census, in May of 2021, the Alabama Legislature and Committee on Reapportionment (the “Committee”) began redrawing its congressional...

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Facts

Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which includes the Fair Housing Act (“FHA”), to secure equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin. This same period of history also saw the enactment of the Civil Rights...

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For twenty-two years, Petitioner James Obergefell and his late partner, John Arthur, lived together in a committed relationship in Cincinnati, Ohio until Arthur’s passing on October 22, 2013. See Obergefell v. Kasich, No. 1:13-cv-501, 2013 WL 3814262,...

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