CIVICS

war and defense powers

Under Article I, Section 8, Congress has the power to declare war, raise and support Armies, provide and maintain a Navy, and organize, arm, discipline, and call forth a militia. This power gives Congress quite broad authority to undertake any measures...

war correspondents

War correspondents are specialized journalists who are present in times of war or armed conflict, with the authorization of the armed forces. War correspondents work under the protection of the army, on the locations of their operations....

war crime

A war crime is a violation of the laws of war. The legal understanding of war crimes has been codified in several multilateral treaties, most notably the Geneva Conventions. More recently, the most comprehensive legal statement on war crimes was the...

war powers

Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 of the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the power to declare war. The President, meanwhile, derives the power to direct the military after a Congressional declaration of war from Article II, Section 2, which names the...

warrantless

Warrantless means that government officers carry out a search or arrest without a warrant or any other legal authorization. The requirement of a warrant serves to protect individuals’ privacy interests against unreasonable governmental...

wash sale

Wash sale is defined as selling of an asset such as stocks or bonds on a loss and repurchasing of other stocks or bonds of substantially similar nature within a very short period of time frame. This method is often used to realize a loss, so...

Washington DC Voting Rights Amendment

The Washington D.C. Voting Rights Amendment was a proposed amendment by Congress in 1978 to the U.S. Constitution giving Washington D.C. similar representation to states in the national government. Currently, as set out in the 23rd amendment...

Watkins v. United States (1957)

Watkins v. United States (1957) is the U.S. Supreme Court case holding that the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment limits Congress’s ability to conduct investigations, namely its ability to require testimony on inquiries unrelated to...

welfare

Welfare Law: An Overview

In the United States, welfare benefits for individuals and families with no or low income had been almost non-existent prior to the Great Depression of the 1930s. With millions of people unemployed, the federal government...

welfare work rules

Rules requiring people receiving public benefits to move towards employment in order to get their benefits. Recipients who fail to do so often face sanctions including the loss of benefits for a period of months.

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