legal education and practice

your Honor

Your Honor is the honorific for a judge, and the traditional manner in which a judge would be addressed; usually appearing in court activities. See, e.g. Uttecht v. Brown, 551 U.S. 1, 23 (2007).

[Last updated in April of 2022 by the...

youthful offender

A youthful offender is an adolescent who committed a crime, who may not be tried in an adult court; instead will be tried in a juvenile court. The youthful offenders may take some responsibility for the unlawful behavior and may not be...

Zambrano

Zambrano (Zambrano v. I.N.S.) was a class action case that lasted from 1988 to 2002 in which the plaintiffs, undocumented aliens, challenged I.N.S. regulations, arguing they unduly restrict the eligibility of undocumented aliens who might...

zealous witness

A zealous witness is someone whose testimony is clearly biased in favor of the party for whom they are testifying. This is usually the case when a witness shows far more than expected enthusiasm when providing testimony.

[Last...

zero tape

Zero tape (also called a zero report) refers to a file produced by electronic voter machines which show that the machine has no votes tallied at the beginning of an election. Many states require poll workers to retrieve a zero tape before...

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