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- Clause 18 Necessary and Proper Clause
- Overview of Necessary and Proper Clause
- Historical Background of the Necessary and Proper Clause
- Early Doctrine and McCulloch v. Maryland
- Post-McCulloch Nineteenth Century Development
- Twentieth Century to Present Doctrine
- Meaning of Proper
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Implied Power of Congress to Conduct Investigations and Oversight
- Overview of Investigation and Oversight Power of Congress
- Historical Background on Investigation and Oversight Power of Congress
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Implied Power of Congress to Conduct Investigations and Oversight
: Doctrine and Practice
- Early Doctrine on Congressional Investigations and Oversight (1787-1864)
- Postbellum and Pre-War Congressional Investigation and Oversight Doctrine (1865-1940)
- Mid-Twentieth Century Congressional Investigation and Oversight Developments (1940-1970)
- Rules-Based Limits of Congressional Investigations and Oversight
- Limits of Congressional Investigations and Oversight Based on Individual Constitutional Rights
- Modern Doctrine (1970-present)
- Immigration
To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.