gender expression

The Virginia Department of Education (VDOE) is directed to create model policies for local school boards on the treatment of transgender students in public elementary and secondary schools. These model policies must reflect evidence-based best practices and address a range of issues, including compliance with nondiscrimination laws, ensuring safe and supportive learning environments, and protecting students from bullying and harassment.

In 2007, the High Court held that the failure to allow the applicant, a transgender woman who had undergone gender-affirming surgery, to obtain a new birth certificate recording her gender as female violated her rights under Article 8 and 12 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which had been made part of Irish law, despite having found in previous proceedings involving the same applicant that her constitutional right to privacy was not disproportionately or excessively infringed.  The Court agreed with the applicant that existing Irish law barred the effective recognition

Law No. 21,120 recognizes and protects the right to gender identity by allowing individuals to change their registered name and sex in official records to reflect their self-identified gender. The procedure is administrative for adults, while minors between 14 and 18 may request changes with parental or guardian consent and judicial approval. The law requires respect for chosen names and pronouns in all public and private interactions and prohibits discrimination based on gender identity in education, employment, and healthcare.

The Summary Jurisdiction (Offences) (Amendment) Act of 2021 repeals Section 153(1)(xlvii) of the Summary Jurisdiction (Offenses) Act, which had criminalized appearing in public while "cross-dressing for an improper purpose.” The repeal brings the statute into conformity with the Caribbean Court of Justice’s 2018 decision in Quincy McEwan et al v.