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The applicant, a 16-year-old boy, was held in handcuffs and underwear in a police station for 2.5 hours and subsequently placed in a cell with adults. He was interviewed at a police station concerning a murder, rape, and robbery investigation. According to the applicant, under this pressure, he confessed to murder. Domestic courts convicted the applicant of robbery and aggravated murder, and sentenced him to 13 years’ imprisonment. The court rejected the applicant’s argument that his…

The applicant was registered as a boy at birth in Ukraine, with a male name. Throughout the decision, the European Court of Human Rights (“ECtHR”) referred to the applicant with male pronouns with which the applicant does not identify. This summary will use female pronouns in line with the applicant’s identity. According to the applicant, she never identified with the assigned male gender. She was diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome (mosaic form), hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (diminished…

The defendant was convicted of housebreaking with an intent to murder and murder read with the provisions of the Combating Domestic Violence Act 4 of 2003. The defendant and the deceased were in a domestic relationship and had a child together. There was no dispute that at the time of the incident while the defendant killed the deceased by stabbing her at least eight times. The court held…

The respondent, a 42-year old man, was charged with child trafficking and rape of five minor girls aged between 9 and 13. The trial court convicted him of trafficking the children and sentenced him to eight years in prison, but not guilty of rape. The Supreme Court affirmed the trial court verdicts after the state appealed, but increased the sentence. The court found that child-complainants’ testimonies were too inconsistent to prove rape. While the trial court theorized that the children…

The Combating of Trafficking in Persons Act gives effect to the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. The Act criminalizes trafficking in persons and associated offenses and aims to protect and assist trafficking victims particularly women and children. The penalties prescribed by the Act are up to 30 years’ imprisonment or significant fines for trafficking in persons, facilitating trafficking in persons, debt bondage,…

The petitioner requested that the army (“the respondent”）assign her to the air force for training as a pilot. The respondent argued that the huge investment involved in training a pilot was not justified for women since the service time of women was shorter than men; the time of pregnancy or childbirth would also disrupt the daily air force training. The petitioner argued that the respondent failed to prove that women joining aviation would seriously harm national security, which was against…

The legal question is whether the Supreme Court sitting as the High Court of Justice should intervene in the ruling of the Great Rabbinical Court or not. The husband (“respondent 3”) owned an apartment and had no intention of sharing the ownership with the petitioner in a divorce case, which was first submitted to the Regional Rabbinical Court. The Regional Rabbinical Court ( “respondent 2”) decided that the petitioner had a part in the ownership based on the Presumption of Community or…

The law aims to generate change in business culture and promote awareness of women’s rights. The law allows the Ministry of Economy and Industry to provide substantial monetary incentives and annual grants to private sector employers that initiate programs that advance and integrate women in the workplace. For example, employers might meet eligibility criteria by modifying their workplace and offering work conditions to address the needs of women and parents.

The law aims to generate change in business culture and promote awareness of women’s rights. The law allows the Ministry of Economy and Industry to provide substantial monetary incentives and annual grants to private sector employers that initiate programs that advance and integrate women in the workplace. For example, employers might meet eligibility criteria by modifying their workplace and offering work conditions to address the needs of women and parents.

The law aims to generate a change in the business culture and promote awareness of women’s rights. The law encourages employers to advance and integrate women in the workplace through substantial monetary incentives and grants provided annually by the Ministry of Economy and Industry to private sector employers who strive to integrate and promote women in the workplace, and employers who initiate respective programs. The grants are also given to employers who modify their workplace and…