3-3-1
Spill
and Overfill Protection
(a) General
Requirements
(1) After December 22, 1996,
facilities shall be provided so that any accidental discharge of any Class I,
II or IIIA liquids will be prevented from endangering important facilities, and
adjoining property, or reaching waterways, as provided for in subsections (b)
or (c) except that tanks storing Class IIIB liquids do not require special
drainage or diking provisions for fire protection purposes.
(2) Owners/operators of ASTs must ensure that
releases due to spilling or overfilling do not occur. The owner/operator must
ensure that the volume available in the tank is greater than the volume of
product to be transferred to the tank before the transfer is made; and that the
transfer operation is monitored constantly to prevent overfilling and spilling.
(i) Where electronic or mechanical gauges are
used for determining tank volume (ground-level tape gauges, clock face gauges,
etc.), the gauge shall be calibrated annually, per manufacturer instructions.
These calibrations shall be documented and maintained.
(3) Spill and overfill prevention equipment
is required for all ASTs installed after September 30, 1994. Means shall be
provided for determining the liquid level in each tank and be accessible to the
delivery operator. Specifically, for all ASTs installed after September 30,
1994, at service stations, and for all secondary containment type tanks without
diking or impounding protection, the equipment shall automatically stop the
delivery of liquid to the tank when the liquid level in the tank reaches 95
percent of capacity or sound an audible alarm when the liquid level in the tank
reaches 90 percent of capacity.
(4)
Delivery operations shall comply with the following requirements:
(i) The delivery vehicle shall be separated
from any AST by at least 25 ft. (7.6 m) for class I liquids and by at least 15
ft. for class II and class III liquids, measured from the nearest fill spout or
transfer connection.
(ii) Tank
filling shall not begin until the delivery operator has determined tank ullage
(available capacity) based on direct liquid level measurement converted to
gallons or some equivalent method.
(A) Where
spill and overfill prevention equipment that will automatically stop the
delivery of liquid to the tank or sound an audible alarm that can be heard by
the delivery operator described in
3-3-1 -(a)(3) does not exist, tank
ullage and the amount of product delivered must be documented and
maintained.
(iii) For
ASTs installed after September 30, 1994, a check valve and a shutoff valve with
a quick-connect coupling or a check valve with a dry-break valve shall be
installed in the piping at a point where connection and disconnection is made
for delivery from the bulk delivery vehicle to the AST. This device shall be
protected from tampering and physical damage.
(5) The owner/operator must report,
investigate, and clean up any spills and overfills in accordance with Articles
4 and 5 of these Regulations.
(b) Remote Impounding.
Where protection of adjoining property or waterways is by
means of drainage to a remote impounding area, so that impounded liquid will
not be held against tanks, such systems shall comply with the following:
(1) A slope of not less than 1 percent away
from the tank shall be provided for at least 50 ft. toward the impounding
area.
(2) The impounding area shall
have a net capacity not less than that of the largest tank that can drain into
it plus an allowance for precipitation.
(3) The route of the drainage system shall be
so located that, if the liquids in the drainage system are ignited, the fire
will not seriously expose tanks or adjoining property.
(4) The confines of the impounding area shall
be located so that, when filled to capacity, the liquid level will not be
closer than 50 ft. from any property line that can be built upon, or from any
tank.
(c) Impounding
Around Tanks by Diking
Exception: Size and spacing requirements for dikes
enclosing existing ASTs may be reduced or waived by the Director if he
determines that there are equivalent safety measures at the
facility.
When protection of adjoining property or waterways is by
means of impounding by diking around the tanks, such system shall comply with
the following:
(1) For ASTs installed
after September 30, 1994, a slope of not less than 1 percent away from the tank
shall be provided for at least 50 ft. or to the dike base, whichever is
less.
(2) After December 22, 1996,
the volumetric capacity of the diked area shall not be less than the greatest
amount of liquid that can be released from the largest tank within the diked
area, assuming a full tank. To allow for volume occupied by tanks, the capacity
of the diked area enclosing more than one tank shall be calculated after
deducting the volume of the tanks, other than the largest tank, below the
height of the dike.
(3) For ASTs
installed after September 30, 1994, to permit access, the outside base of the
dike at ground level shall be no closer than 10 ft. to any property line that
is, or can be, built upon.
(4)
After December 22, 1996, walls of the diked area shall be of non-permeable
earth, steel, concrete, or solid masonry designed to be liquid tight and to
withstand a full hydrostatic head for enough time until any release therein can
be cleaned up. For all AST dikes installed after September 30, 1994, the floor
of the diked area must be impervious enough to contain the product for enough
time until any release therein can be cleaned up. Earthen walls 3 ft. or more
in height shall have a flat section at the top not less than 2 ft. wide. The
slope of an earthen wall shall be consistent with the angle of repose of the
material of which the wall is constructed. Diked areas for tanks containing
Class I liquids located in extremely porous soils may require special treatment
to prevent seepage of hazardous quantities of liquids to low-lying areas or
waterways in case of spills.
(5)
Except as provided in subsection (6) below, the walls of the diked area shall
be restricted to an average interior height of 6 ft. above interior
grade.
(6) Dikes may be higher than
an average of 6 ft. above interior grade where provisions are made for normal
access and necessary emergency access to tanks, valves, and other equipment,
and safe egress from the diked enclosure.
(i)
Where the average height of the dike containing Class I liquids is over 12 ft
high, measured from interior grade, or where the distance between any tank and
the top inside edge of the dike wall is less than the height of the dike,
provisions shall be made for normal operation of valves and access to tank roof
without entering below the top of the dike. These provisions may be met through
the use of remote-operated valves, elevated walkways, etc.
(ii) Piping passing through dike walls shall
be designed to prevent excessive stresses as a result of settlement or fire
exposure.
(iii) For ASTs installed
after September 30, 1994, the minimum distance between tanks and toe of
interior dike walls shall be 5 ft.
(7) Where provision is made for draining
water from diked areas, such drains shall be controlled in a manner so as to
prevent flammable or combustible liquids from entering natural water courses,
public sewers, or public drains. Control of drainage shall be accessible under
fire conditions from outside the dike.
(8) Storage of combustible materials, empty
or full drums, or barrels, shall not be permitted within the diked
area.
(d) Secondary
Containment Tanks may be installed without special drainage or diking if they
are constructed to meet all the following requirements:
(1) The capacity of the tank shall not exceed
12,000 gallons for Class I liquids or 20,000 gallons for Class II and IIIA
liquids; and
(2) All piping
connections to the tank are made above the normal maximum liquid level;
and
(3) Means are provided to
prevent the release of liquid from the tank by siphon flow; and
(4) The outer tank must contain a release
from any portion of the inner tank within the outer wall; and
(5) For ASTs installed after September 30,
1994, spacing between adjacent tanks shall be not less than three (3) feet (0.9
M); and
(6) Tanks that are not
listed as UL 2085 Standard for Protected Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and
Combustible Liquids must be protected from collisions as described in
3-2-1(i);
and
(7) The system must prevent
spills by being equipped with:
(i) A check
valve and a shutoff valve with a quick-connect coupling or a check valve with a
dry-break valve which is installed in the piping at a point where connection
and disconnection is made for delivery from the vehicle to any AST;
or
(ii) If the delivery hose is
connected directly to the tank, the fill line at the tank shall be equipped
with a tight-fill device for connecting the hose to the tank to prevent or
contain any spill at the fill opening during delivery operations; and
(8) ASTs must prevent overfills by
means of equipment that will shut off liquid flow to the tank when the liquid
level in the tank reaches 95% of capacity or sound an audible alarm when the
liquid level in the tank reaches 90% of capacity.
(e) Secondary containment areas must be
maintained free of accumulations of water, leaves, weeds, flammable material,
non U.L. listed tanks or drums, and anything else that might interfere with the
containment purpose of such areas.
3-3-2
Corrosion Protection
(a) Internal Corrosion Protection For ASTs
Installed After September 30, 1994.
When ASTs installed after September 30, 1994, are not
designed in accordance with the American Petroleum Institute, American Society
of Mechanical Engineers, or the Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Standards, or if
corrosion is anticipated beyond that provided for in the design formulas used,
additional metal thickness or suitable protective coatings or linings shall be
provided to compensate for the corrosion loss expected during the design life
of the tank.
(b) External
Corrosion Protection for ASTs installed after September 30, 1994.
For those portions of an AST system installed after
September 30, 1994, including the product pipelines that normally contain
regulated substances and are in contact with the soil or with an electrolyte
that may cause corrosion of the AST system, tanks and piping must be protected
by either:
(1) A properly engineered,
installed and maintained cathodic protection system in accordance with
recognized standards of design, such as:
(i)
National Association of Corrosion Engineers Standard RP-01-69,
"Control
of
External Corrosion of Underground or Submerged
Metallic Piping Systems" ;
(ii) National Association of Corrosion
Engineers Standard RP-02-85
, "Control of
External Corrosion on Metallic Buried, Partially
Buried, or Submerged Liquid Storage Systems" ; or;
(2) Approved or listed
corrosion-resistant materials or systems, which may include special alloys,
fiberglass reinforced plastic, or fiberglass reinforced plastic
coatings.
(c) External
Coating of all Elevated Tanks.
For installations where tanks and piping are not in contact
with soil or with an electrolyte, corrosion protection may consist of an
appropriate external coating.
(d) Cathodic Protection Requirements.
Owners/operators must comply with the following
requirements to ensure that releases due to corrosion are prevented for as long
as a cathodically protected AST system is used to store regulated
substances:
(1) All corrosion
protection systems must be operated and maintained to continuously provide
corrosion protection to the metal components of that portion of the tank and
piping that routinely contain regulated substances and are in contact with the
ground.
(2) Performance criteria -
The criteria that are used to determine that cathodic protection is adequate as
required by this section must be in accordance with a code of practice
developed by a nationally recognized association.
(3) Periodic Inspections - AST systems with
impressed current cathodic protection systems must be inspected every 60
calendar days to ensure that the equipment is running properly.
(e) Tanks that are not
cathodically protected must be tested within 5 years after October 1, 1994, and
once every two years thereafter by either:
(1) An external visual inspection, that
includes the bottom of the tank, for corrosion or other visible damage;
or
(2) A leakage test of any type
approved by the Director; or
(3) An
internal inspection for corrosion or other visible damage; or
(4) Comply with some other alternative test
for corrosion or leakage as specified by and approved by the Director in the
future.
3-3-3
Release Detection
(a) General
Requirements for all AST Systems.
(1) ASTs
that are not in contact with the ground or any electrolyte that might cause
corrosion of the tank must be visually inspected at least once per month by
operating personnel to detect any leakage from tank seams, connections, and
fittings, including piping. Any such leakage must be repaired immediately and
reported under the repair and reporting requirements of these
regulations.
(2) ASTs, including
metal supporting structures, that are in contact with the soil or that are in
contact with an electrolyte that may promote corrosion of the tank must be
inspected as in subsection (1) above and be protected from corrosion or tested
periodically to prove that they are not seriously corroded, as described in
3-3-2(e).
(3) AST system piping that is not in contact
with the soil or with an electrolyte that might cause corrosion of the piping
must be inspected at least once each month to detect leakage from pipe seams,
connections, and fittings. Any such leakage that may exceed the reportable
quantity (25 gallons) must be repaired immediately and reported as in Article
4.
(4) Underground AST piping shall
meet the release detection requirements in
2-3-4 -3.
(i) Pressurized piping described in
3-2-1(g)(1)(i)
shall meet the release detection requirements (automatic leak detector and line
tightness testing) in
2-3-4 -3(a), except that where
there is no pump installed between the tank and underground piping, the
requirement for an automatic line leak detector in
2-3-4 -3(a)(1) does not
apply.
(ii) Suction piping
described in
3-2-1(g)(1)(A)
shall meet the release detection requirements in
2-3-4 -3(b).
(5) Inventory control shall be performed and
documented for all single-wall ASTs installed on
earthen materials, and all ASTs connected to
underground pressurized piping that is not being monitored for releases in
accordance with
2-3-4 -3(a)(2)(ii). Accurate daily
inventory records shall be maintained and reconciled for all applicable storage
tanks.
(b) Release
Detection for Secondary Containment Tanks
Secondary Containment tanks that are installed without
special drainage or diking according to
3-3-1(b) or (c)
must be visually inspected at least once each month to ensure that there has
been no failure of the outer wall of the secondary containment tank. An
interstitial liquid detector or some other positive means of leak detection
must be installed to detect leaks from the inner wall of the tank; and
operation of that leak detector must be verified at least monthly. A record of
the inspection must be maintained [See ยง
3-3-5].
(c) All AST system tank and piping fittings,
connections, valves, auxiliary equipment that contains product, secondary
containment areas, etc. must be maintained free of obstructions that would
interfere with visual detection of leaks and spills.
3-3-5
Record Keeping
(a) Owners/operators must maintain the
following records for an AST site as applicable:
(1) Installation permits for newly installed
tanks, reinstalled used tanks or permits for upgrading existing tanks must be
maintained for 5 years.
(2) Tank
registration records or record of facility ID number retained until
closure.
(3) Records of repairs
that have been performed within the last 5 years.
(4) Monthly and annual visual inspection
records of the AST system must be kept for one year. Formal inspection reports
and supporting documents shall be retained for the life of the tank.
(5) Most recent underground piping precision
test records must be maintained.
(6) Records showing the history of each AST
in terms of which Class and type of product has been stored in that tank, shall
be maintained for at least one year.
(7) Electronic/mechanical tank gauge
calibration documentation required by
3-3-1(a)(2)(i)
must be kept for one year.
(8) Tank
ullage documentation required by
3-3-1(a)(4)(ii)(A)
must be kept for one year.
(9) Inventory control records required by
3-3-3(a)(5) must
be kept for one year.
(10) LNAPL
removal records must be maintained to document proper operation following any
release of product within the last five years.
(11) Records showing the changes in status of
tanks that have been temporarily closed at times then returned to service,
should be maintained for at least two (2) years. Records need not be kept for
tanks that have been permanently closed.
(12) Records of the operation of the cathodic
protection system including results of 60-day inspection as required in
3-3-2(d)(3).
(b) Records must be maintained at
the AST site and immediately available for inspection by the Director; or at a
readily available alternative site and be provided for inspection within 24
hours to the Director upon request.
(c) Notwithstanding the above, to be eligible
for the Fund, persons may be required to maintain the above or other records in
accordance with Fund requirements.
