Utah Admin. Code R309-225-8 - Major Sources of Contaminants in Drinking Water
Microbiological Contaminants
(1) Total Coliform Bacteria - Naturally
present in the environment.
(2) E.
coli - Human and animal fecal waste.
(3) Fecal Indicators (enterococci or
coliphage) - Human and animal fecal waste.
(4) Turbidity- Soil runoff.
(5) Total organic carbon - Naturally present
in the environment.
Radioactive Contaminants
(6) Alpha emitters (pCi/l) - Erosion of
natural deposits.
(7) Beta/photon
emitters (mrem/yr) - Decay of natural and man-made deposits.
(8) Combined radium (pCi/l) - Erosion of
natural deposits.
(9) Uranium
(ug/l) - Erosion of natural deposits.
Inorganic Contaminants
(10) Antimony (ppb) - Discharge from
petroleum refineries; fire retardants; ceramics; electronics; solder.
(11) Arsenic (ppb) - Erosion of natural
deposits; Runoff from orchards; Runoff from glass and electronics production
wastes.
(12) Asbestos (MFL) - Decay
of asbestos cement water mains; Erosion of natural deposits.
(13) Barium (ppm) - Discharge of drilling
wastes; Discharge from metal refineries; Erosion of natural deposits.
(14) Beryllium (ppb) - Discharge from metal
refineries and coal-burning factories; Discharge from electrical, aerospace,
and defense industries.
(15)
Cadmium (ppb) - Corrosion of galvanized pipes; Erosion of natural deposits;
Discharge from metal refineries; runoff from waste batteries and
paints.
(16) Chromium (ppb) -
Discharge from steel and pulp mills; Erosion of natural deposits.
(17) Copper (ppm) - Corrosion of household
plumbing systems; Erosion of natural deposits; Leaching from wood
preservatives.
(18) Cyanide (ppb) -
Discharge from steel/metal factories; Discharge from plastic and fertilizer
factories.
(19) Fluoride (ppm) -
Erosion of natural deposits; Water additive which promotes strong teeth;
Discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories.
(20) Lead (ppb) - Corrosion of household
plumbing systems; Erosion of natural deposits.
(21) Mercury (inorganic) (ppb) - Erosion of
natural deposits; Discharge from refineries and factories; Runoff from
landfills; Runoff from cropland.
(22) Nitrate (as Nitrogen) (ppm) - Runoff
from fertilizer use; Leaching from septic tanks, sewage; Erosion of natural
deposits.
(23) Nitrite (as
Nitrogen) (ppm) - Runoff from fertilizer use; Leaching from septic tanks,
sewage; Erosion of natural deposits.
(24) Selenium (ppb) - Discharge from
petroleum and metal refineries; Erosion of natural deposits; Discharge from
mines.
(25) Thallium (ppb) -
Leaching from ore-processing sites; Discharge from electronics, glass, and drug
factories. Synthetic Organic Contaminants including Pesticides and
Herbicides
(26) 2,4-D (ppb) -
Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.
(27) 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)(ppb) - Residue of
banned herbicide.
(28) Acrylamide -
Added to water during sewage/wastewater treatment.
(29) Alachlor (ppb) - Runoff from herbicide
used on row crops.
(30) Atrazine
(ppb) - Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.
(31) Benzo(a)pyrene (PAH) (nanograms/l)
-Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and distribution lines.
(32) Carbofuran (ppb) - Leaching of soil
fumigant used on rice and alfalfa.
(33) Chlordane (ppb) - Residue of banned
termiticide.
(34) Dalapon (ppb) -
Runoff from herbicide used on rights of way.
(35) Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (ppb) -
Discharge from chemical factories.
(36) Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ppb) -
Discharge from rubber and chemical factories.
(37) Dibromochloropropane (ppt) -
Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on soybeans, cotton, pineapples, and
orchards.
(38) Dinoseb (ppb) -
Runoff from herbicide used on soybeans and vegetables.
(39) Diquat (ppb) - Runoff from herbicide
use.
(40) Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
(ppq) - Emissions from waste incineration and other combustion; Discharge from
chemical factories.
(41) Endothall
(ppb) - Runoff from herbicide use.
(42) Endrin (ppb) - Residue of banned
insecticide.
(43) Epichlorohydrin -
Discharge from industrial chemical factories; An impurity of some water
treatment chemicals.
(44) Ethylene
dibromide (ppt) - Discharge from petroleum refineries.
(45) Glyphosate (ppb) - Runoff from herbicide
use.
(46) Heptachlor (ppt) -
Residue of banned pesticide.
(47)
Heptachlor epoxide (ppt) - Breakdown of heptachlor.
(48) Hexachlorobenzene (ppb) - Discharge from
metal refineries and agricultural chemical factories.
(49) Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (ppb) -
Discharge from chemical factories.
(50) Lindane (ppt) - Runoff/leaching from
insecticide used on cattle, lumber, gardens.
(51) Methoxychlor (ppb) - Runoff/leaching
from insecticide used on fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, livestock.
(52) Oxamyl (Vydate)(ppb) - Runoff/leaching
from insecticide used on apples, potatoes and tomatoes.
(53) PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls) (ppt) -
Runoff from landfills; Discharge of waste chemicals.
(54) Pentachlorophenol (ppb) - Discharge from
wood preserving factories.
(55)
Picloram (ppb) - Herbicide runoff.
(56) Simazine (ppb) - Herbicide
runoff.
(57) Toxaphene (ppb) -
Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cotton and cattle. Volatile Organic
Contaminants
(58) Benzene (ppb) -
Discharge from factories; Leaching from gas storage tanks and
landfills.
(59) Bromate (ppb) -
By-product of drinking water chlorination.
(60) Carbon tetrachloride (ppb) - Discharge
from chemical plants and other industrial activities.
(61) Chloramines (ppm) - Water additive used
to control microbes.
(62) Chlorine
(ppm) - Water additive used to control microbes.
(63) Chlorite (ppm) - By-product of drinking
water chlorination.
(64) Chlorine
dioxide (ppb) - Water additive used to control microbes.
(65) Chlorobenzene (ppb) - Discharge from
chemical and agricultural chemical factories.
(66) o-Dichlorobenzene (ppb) - Discharge from
industrial chemical factories.
(67)
p-Dichlorobenzene (ppb) - Discharge from industrial chemical
factories.
(68) 1,2-Dichloroethane
(ppb) - Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
(69) 1,1-Dichloroethylene (ppb) - Discharge
from industrial chemical factories.
(70) cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb) -
Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
(71) trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb) -
Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
(72) Dichloromethane (ppb) - Discharge from
pharmaceutical and chemical factories.
(73) 1,2-Dichloropropane (ppb) - Discharge
from industrial chemical factories.
(74) Ethylbenzene (ppb) - Discharge from
petroleum refineries.
(75)
Haloacetic Acids (HAA) (ppb) - By-product of drinking water
disinfection.
(76) Styrene (ppb)-
Discharge from rubber and plastic factories; Leaching from landfills.
(77) Tetrachloroethylene (ppb) - Discharge
from factories and dry cleaners.
(78) 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (ppb) - Discharge
from textile-finishing factories.
(79) 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ppb) - Discharge
from metal degreasing sites and other factories.
(80) 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ppb) - Discharge
from industrial chemical factories.
(81) Trichloroethylene (ppb) - Discharge from
metal degreasing sites and other factories.
(82) TTHMs (Total trihalomethanes)(ppb) -
By-product of drinking water chlorination.
(83) Toluene (ppm) - Discharge from petroleum
factories.
(84) Vinyl Chloride
(ppb) - Leaching from PVC piping; Discharge from plastics factories.
(85) Xylenes (ppm) - Discharge from petroleum
factories; Discharge from chemical factories.
Notes
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