Informational Note:
The provisions
contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in
the adopting ordinance.
F101.1
General. This section is
an outcome-based energy budget compliance requirement pursuant to
RCW
19.27A.160 to incrementally move toward
achieving by 2031 a 70 percent reduction in annual net energy use compared with
2006 baseline. As an outcome-based energy budget, this requirement uses a
building's actual energy use to determine compliance.
F101.2
Scope. Buildings
permitted under this section shall document one year of net energy use below an
energy budget within 3 years after occupancy and every 5 years thereafter.
Buildings and sites shall also be designed with the ability to offset in the
future all estimated energy needs through renewable energy generation with
minimum 40 percent on-site, maximum 40 percent off-site, and maximum 20 percent
through green power purchase. Buildings that exceed the energy budget by up to
20 percent shall offset the excess amount through a green power purchase
agreement. Buildings that exceed the energy budget by more than 20 percent
shall, using a posted performance bond or financial security, offset the excess
amount over 20 percent by installing renewable energy or with an energy
retrofit.
F101.3
Building
permit submittal. Building designs shall establish on the Washington
State Outcome-Based Energy Budget form (Figure F101.3):
1. The anticipated building energy use is
lower than the energy budget.
2.
The energy generation ability in the future is greater than or equal to the
anticipated building energy use.
F101.3.1
Anticipated building energy
use. The total yearly energy use from all metered fuel sources is the
anticipated building energy use. Any energy used from district energy, combined
heat and power, renewable energy, or captured waste heat systems must be
metered. Buildings with any nonmetered energy sources are not permitted for
compliance with this section. All secondary spaces and services (examples:
Exterior building and site lighting, surface parking, garages, and exterior
swimming pools) associated with the building shall be included in the overall
energy use total. The anticipated site Energy Use Intensity (EUI) for each fuel
source shall be reported in units of kWh/ft
2/yr or
kBtu/ft
2/yr using the conversions listed below:
|
Metered Fuel Source
|
to kWh:
|
to kBTU:
|
|
Electric
|
kWh × 1
|
kWh × 3.412
|
|
Gas
|
Therm × 29.308
|
Therm × 100
|
|
Propane
|
Cubic Foot × 0.738
|
Cubic Foot × 2.5185
|
|
Fuel Oil
|
Gallon × 43.872
|
Gallon × 149.6905
|
F101.3.2
Building use and occupancy
types. Building use and occupancy types permitted are indicated in Table
F101.3.2(1).
F101.3.3
Maximum
site energy budget. Table F101.3.2(1) indicates the site EUI budget for
each building use and occupancy type along with the building enclosure
requirements for all use and occupancy types.
F101.3.3.1
Mixed-use buildings.
For buildings that contain more than one building use or occupancy type, the
overall energy budget shall be based on the individual floor area percentage
totals of each use times the individual energy budget and summing the results
of all individual areas.
F101.3.3.2
Energy budget level options. Development teams may commit to a
future, more stringent energy budget level from Table F101.3.2(1). Actual
energy use and energy generation ability will be evaluated on this lower budget
level.
F101.3.3.3
Energy
modeling. A proposed building energy model is required for compliance
with Section F101.3.2. A baseline energy model is not required. The proposed
design model must show estimated energy use below the
energy.
F101.3.4
Energy generation ability. Permit documents shall indicate the
location, space allocated, and connection pathways for future installation of
all potential energy generation systems. Only items defined by the Washington
State Energy Code as on-site renewable energy shall be used to meet energy
generation requirements.
F101.3.4.1
Energy generation categories. The development team shall complete
the Washington State Outcome-Based Energy Budget form (Figure F101.3) to show
the total renewable energy generation ability in the following categories:
1. Building integral: Renewable energy
generation sources attached to the building. This value, combined with the
on-site value, shall be at least 40 percent of the energy budget.
2. On-site: Renewable energy generation
sources located on the building site property. This value, combined with the
building integral value, shall be at least 40 percent of the energy
budget.
3. Off-site: Renewable
energy generation sources not located on the building site. This amount is
limited to 40 percent of the energy budget. A specific off-site location does
not need to be identified.
4. Green
Power: Renewable energy purchased through the electric utility provider for the
building. This amount is limited to 20 percent of the energy
budget.
F101.3.4.2
Energy generation ability for building sites within a 2030
District. The development team for building sites within a designated
2030 District recognized by Architecture 2030 may use the Architecture 2030
Challenge 70 percent energy reduction target from the 2003 baseline as the
energy budget. Building locations meeting this criteria and choosing this
energy budget are exempt from the building integral and on-site requirements in
Section F101.3.4.1. Green power remains capped at 20 percent. The generation
requirements may be split, in any amount, among the building integral, on-site,
or off-site categories. Actual energy use will be evaluated against the
Architecture 2030 Challenge 70 percent energy reduction
budget.
F101.4
Actual energy use submittal. The building owner or representative
shall submit energy use documentation summary from all energy source providers
or from an energy benchmarking service to the building code official. Code
compliance is achieved with net energy use below the energy budget for any
continuous 12-month span within the first 3 years of occupancy.
F101.4.1
Energy use monitoring period
and occupancy. The energy use monitoring time frame shall start on the
first full-month billing cycle of the utility or energy source provider(s) 6
months after a certificate of occupancy is issued. Buildings shall be deemed
substantially occupied when a minimum 85 percent of the floor area, including
all common areas, is occupied. The energy monitoring start time may be delayed
up to an additional 6 months from certificate of occupancy (up to 12 months
total) if 85 percent occupancy is not yet achieved. Buildings not 85 percent
occupied after 12 months shall start the monitoring period for the portions
occupied with an energy budget based on the spaces occupied and all common
areas combined.
F101.4.2
Change of occupancy use during monitoring period. If an area
within the building changes from one occupancy use to another with a different
target EUI energy budget or if the building occupancy level drops below 50
percent, the target EUI energy budget shall be recalculated to become the new
energy budget against which the building energy use shall be compared for
compliance.
F101.4.3
Energy
metering. All building spaces and uses subject to an energy budget or a
portion of the energy budget shall be metered separately for all energy
uses.
F101.4.4
Energy budget
responsibility. The building owner is responsible for the compliance of
the whole building. At the building owner's discretion, responsibility for the
energy use budget may be divided and transferred into portions attributable to
the occupant, operator or controller of each energy budget space. Common area
spaces not under the control of an occupant or tenant may not be
transferred.
F101.5
Actual energy use above the energy budget. Buildings exceeding the
energy budget are not in compliance with the energy code and the building owner
shall complete one of the following measures within 1 year:
1. Owners of buildings with actual energy use
that exceeds the energy budget by up to 20 percent may offset the excess energy
amount through annual green power purchase agreement from the utility provider
at a rate of 1.1 times the excess energy amount until future code compliance is
demonstrated.
2. Owners of
buildings with actual energy use that exceeds the energy budget by more than 20
percent and up to 40 percent shall complete item 1 and either install
on-building, on-site, or off-site energy generation equipment or invest in an
energy conservation retrofit using the performance bond or financial security
for energy amount remaining above 20 percent.
3. Owners of buildings with actual energy use
that exceeds the energy budget by more than 40 percent shall complete item 1,
item 2, and post a replacement performance bond or financial security equal to
the first bond or security amount.
F101.5.1
Continued energy
monitoring. Upon completing the necessary compliance measure(s) in
Section F101.5 the building owner is provided another 3-year time frame to
achieve and document net energy use below the energy budget for any continuous
12-month span. Owners of buildings that remain more than 20 percent above the
energy budget shall repeat the measures in Section F101.5, up to 3 times
maximum, using the performance bond or financial security to install energy
generation equipment or to install an energy retrofit and post a new
performance bond equal to the first.
F101.5.2
Tradable certificate for
energy savings. As an alternate to the requirements of Section F101.5 a
building owner may, when this market-based instrument becomes available,
purchase a Tradable Certificate for Energy Savings (TCES) or "white
certificates" from a building or entity with energy savings. The building owner
shall purchase TCES's equal to 1.1 times the amount that the building's actual
energy use exceeds the energy budget.
F101.6
Performance bond or financial
security. A building developer must secure and submit to the code
official a performance bond or an irrevocable financial security letter of
credit from a state of Washington financial institution prior to certificate of
occupancy issuance. The bond or security shall have a value equal to $4.00 per
square foot of gross conditioned floor area. The bond or security shall be used
only to install renewable energy on the building or for investment into energy
conservation measures as part of an energy retrofit. The bond or security may
also be held for one additional 3-year energy-monitoring period if green power
is purchased. Upon demonstrated compliance with the energy budget, the bond or
security requirement shall be released.
F101.6.1
Failure to submit energy use
data. Building owners that fail to submit energy use data at the end of
the 3-year monitoring period shall forfeit the full amount of the performance
bond or financial security as payment to the local jurisdiction. Building
owners that fail to submit energy use data at the end of each continuing
five-year monitoring period shall be fined an amount equal to the original bond
or financial security by the local jurisdiction.
F101.7
Continued energy budget
certification. After achieving code compliance buildings shall be
required every 5 years to document a continuous 12-month span with net energy
use that is lower than the required energy budget. Owners of buildings with
actual energy use that is at least 2.5 percent below their energy budget (from
year permitted baseline, not voluntary year) may sell, when a future
market-based instrument becomes available, their unused energy equivalents in
the form of a "white certificate" or Tradable Certificate for Energy
Savings.
F101.8
Local
amendments. Local jurisdictions may amend the current code cycle EUI
maximum energy budget by adopting a more stringent future code year value
stated in Table F101.3.2(1).
Table F101.3.2(1) Washington State Outcome-Based Energy
Budget
|
Building
Occupancy/Use
|
Site EUI
|
|
|
2021
|
2024
|
2027
|
2030
|
|
4c
|
5b
|
4c
|
5b
|
4c
|
5b
|
4c
|
5b
|
|
B Office - small
Office - medium
Office - large
|
19.48
22.22
21.94
|
20.60
24.47
23.06
|
16.79
18.91
18.53
|
17.74
20.81
19.48
|
14.09
15.61
15.11
|
14.87
17.16
15.89
|
11.40
12.30
11.70
|
12.00
13.50
12.30
|
|
B Health out-patient
|
69.75
|
70.88
|
58.90
|
59.85
|
48.05
|
48.83
|
37.20
|
37.80
|
|
E School - primary
School - secondary
|
25.40
24.75
|
27.20
28.13
|
22.80
20.90
|
24.30
23.75
|
18.99
17.05
|
21.31
19.38
|
14.70
13.20
|
16.50
15.00
|
|
I-2 Hospital
|
76.60
|
72.00
|
68.70
|
64.50
|
56.19
|
57.10
|
43.50
|
49.70
|
|
M Grocery
|
98.90
|
98.40
|
88.70
|
88.20
|
75.56
|
78.00
|
58.50
|
62.70
|
|
M Retail - stand alone
|
30.00
|
34.50
|
26.60
|
30.40
|
23.20
|
26.30
|
19.80
|
22.20
|
|
Retail - strip mall
|
29.14
|
34.76
|
26.53
|
31.28
|
23.91
|
27.79
|
21.30
|
24.30
|
|
S-1 Garage -
encloseda
Garage - opena
|
7.00
4.20
|
7.00
4.20
|
5.90
3.60
|
5.90
3.60
|
4.90
3.00
|
4.90
3.00
|
3.90
2.30
|
3.90
2.30
|
|
S-2 Warehouse
(nonref)b
|
6.49
|
7.61
|
5.63
|
6.58
|
4.76
|
5.54
|
3.90
|
4.50
|
|
R-2 kWh/person/year
R-2 Common kWh/sf/yr
|
3,089
15.0
|
3,212
15.8
|
2,681
11.6
|
2,789
12.2
|
2,256
8.5
|
2,348
8.9
|
1,808
5.7
|
1,886
5.9
|
aLighting power allowance must still
comply with Table C405.4.2(2).
bApplicable to heated warehouses
only.
Table F101.3.2(2)
COMMERCIAL BUILDING TYPE DESCRIPTIONS
Commercial Building Prototype Descriptions Compared to
CBSA Building Types
|
Commercial
Prototypes
|
CBSA Detailed Building Type
Included
|
Other Criteria
|
|
Small Office
|
office- admin, professional, government, financial;
call center; city hall; retail banking; sales office; other office
|
Less than 20,000 square feet
|
|
Medium Office
|
office- admin, professional, government, financial;
call center; city hall; retail banking; sales office; other office20,001
|
20,001 - 100,000 square feet
|
|
Large Office
|
office- admin, professional, government, financial;
call center; city hall; retail banking; sales office; other office
|
Greater than 100,000 square feet
|
|
Stand-alone Retail
|
auto parts; auto/boat dealer/show room; beauty/barber;
car wash; clothing; department store; dry cleaner; electronics/appliances;
florist, nursery; hardware; home improvement; laundromat (self-service);
pharmacy; post office; rental center; repair shop; studio/gallery; vehicle
repair; warehouse club; other specialty merchandise
|
Single stand-alone building
|
|
Strip Mall
|
auto parts; auto/boat dealer/ show room; beauty/barber;
car wash; clothing; department store; dry cleaner; electronics/appliances;
florist, nursery; hardware; home improvement; laundromat (self-service);
pharmacy; post office; rental center; repair shop; studio/gallery; vehicle
repair; warehouse club; other specialty merchandise
|
Part of larger mixed-use building
|
|
Supermarket
|
grocery
|
|
Primary School
|
elementary school; middle school; pre-school; other
k-12 school
|
|
Secondary School
|
high school
|
|
Small Hotel
|
motel; bed & breakfast; boarding/rooming house, apt
hotel
|
|
Large Hotel
|
hotel; hotel - resort
|
|
Hospital
|
hospital
|
|
Warehouse (non- refrigerated)
|
ministorage; warehouse, distribution; warehouse,
storage; other warehouse
|
|
Quick Service Restaurant
|
cafeteria; catering service; coffee, doughnut, or bagel
shop; fast food restaurant; ice cream or frozen yogurt shop; take-out
restaurant; truck stop
|
|
Full-Service Restaurant
|
bar, pub, lounge; sit down restaurant; other
restaurant
|
|
Outpatient Health care
|
dental office; medical clinic/outpatient medical;
medical office; medical urgent care clinic; outpatient rehab; veterinarian
office/clinic
|
|
Mid-rise Apartment
|
Not included in CBSA.
Should represent all high rise (up to 4 stories)
apartment buildings.
|
Census Data used to estimate number of apartments and
square footage. Seattle Benchmarking Data used to estimate high rise to mid-
rise split in urban area.
|
|
High-rise Apartment Residential Care
|
Not included in CBSA.
Should represent all low rise (greater than 4 story)
apartment buildings assisted living; in-patient rehab; nursing home; retirement
home; other residential care
|
Census Data used to estimate number of apartments and
square footage. Seattle Benchmarking Data used to estimate high rise to mid-
rise split in urban area.
|
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