Editorial Notes
Amendments
2025—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 119–60, § 1822(a)(1)(A), in introductory provisions, substituted “acquisition officials in such agency and prime contractors and subcontractors (at any tier) performing contracts with such agency (including those performing consulting, research, and advisory services to acquisition officials of such agency)” for “procurement officials in that agency,”.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 119–60, § 1822(a)(1)(B), substituted “such prime contractors and subcontractors” for “prime contractors and subcontractors at all levels under the agency contracts”.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 119–60, § 1822(a)(3), added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).
Pub. L. 119–60, § 811(d)(1), substituted “the procurement official for the solicitation may require the offeror to submit relevant information.” for “the procurement official for the solicitation—
“(1) in the case of products or services acquired under section 3455 of this title, shall use information submitted under subsection (d) of that section; and
“(2) in the case of other products or services, may require the offeror to submit relevant information.”
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 119–60, § 1822(a)(4), which directed substitution of “for the solicitation” for “for the solicitation” through “in the case of other products or services,”, could not be executed in view of the prior amendment by Pub. L. 119–60, § 811(d)(1). See note above.
Pub. L. 119–60, § 1822(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 119–60, § 1822(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f).
2024—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 118–159 added par. (7).
2021—Pub. L. 116–283, § 1821(a)(2), renumbered section 2377 of this title as this section.
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1821(b)(3), substituted “section 3455” for “section 2379”.
2019—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 116–92, § 818(a)(1)(B), added par. (4). Former par. (4) redesignated (5).
Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 116–92, § 818(a)(2), amended directory language of Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(3)(C)(ii). See 2018 Amendment note below.
Pub. L. 116–92, § 818(a)(1), redesignated par. (4) as (5).
2018—Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(8)(C), substituted “commercial products and commercial services” for “acquisition of commercial items” in section catchline.
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(3)(A)(i), substituted “commercial services or commercial products or, to the extent that commercial products suitable to meet the agency’s needs are not available, nondevelopmental items other than commercial products” for “commercial items or, to the extent that commercial items suitable to meet the agency’s needs are not available, nondevelopmental items other than commercial items”.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(3)(A)(ii), substituted “commercial services, commercial products, and nondevelopmental items other than commercial products” for “commercial items and nondevelopmental items other than commercial items”.
Subsec. (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(3)(B)(i), substituted “commercial services, commercial products, or nondevelopmental items other than commercial products” for “commercial items or nondevelopmental items other than commercial items”.
Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(3)(B)(ii), substituted “commercial services or commercial products or, to the extent that commercial products suitable to meet the agency’s needs are not available, nondevelopmental items other than commercial products” for “commercial items or, to the extent that commercial items suitable to meet the agency’s needs are not available, nondevelopmental items other than commercial items”.
Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(3)(B)(iii), substituted “commercial products and commercial services” for “commercial items”.
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(3)(C)(i), in introductory provisions, substituted “commercial services or commercial products or, to the extent that commercial products suitable to meet the agency’s needs are not available, nondevelopmental items other than commercial products” for “commercial items or, to the extent that commercial items suitable to meet the agency’s needs are not available, nondevelopmental items other than commercial items”.
Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(3)(C)(ii), as amended by Pub. L. 116–92, § 818(a)(2), substituted “products other than commercial products or services other than commercial services” for “items other than commercial items”.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(3)(D)(i), substituted “commercial products or commercial services” for “commercial items” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (d)(1), (2). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(3)(D)(ii), (iii), substituted “products or services” for “items”.
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(3)(E), substituted “commercial products and commercial services” for “commercial items”.
2016—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 114–328 added subsec. (d), redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e), and in introductory provisions of subsec. (e), substituted “subsections (c) and (d)” for “subsection (c)”.
2015—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–92 added subsec. (d).
2008—Subsec. (c)(1)(C). Pub. L. 110–181, § 826(a)(1), added subpar. (C).
Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 110–181, § 826(a)(2), added par. (4).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Bridging Operational Objectives and Support for Transition Program
Pub. L. 119–60, div. A, title XVIII, § 1833, Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1253, provided that:
“(a) Establishment.—
The Director of the Defense Innovation Unit shall establish a program to be known as the ‘Bridging Operational Objectives and Support for Transition program’ (in this section referred to as the ‘BOOST program’) to accelerate the adoption or integration of commercial technologies into programs of record or fielded capabilities of the Department of Defense.
“(b) Program Execution.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 2025], the Secretary of Defense shall issue guidance to—
“(1)
allow portfolio
acquisition executives, program managers, or product support managers to request from the Director assistance in identifying, adopting, or integrating commercial technologies; and
“(2) require the Director to—
“(A)
review commercial technologies in response to each request and identify viable commercial technologies to address the issue presented by such request;
“(B)
upon request, execute coordinated development, experimentation, or integration of identified commercial technologies to enable adoption or integration of commercial technologies into programs of record or fielded capabilities; and
“(C)
establish criteria to allow the Director to terminate assistance provided in response to a request.
“(c) Support to Other Programs.—The Director shall ensure the BOOST program works in coordination with other authorities, programs, and activities of the Department of Defense responsible for adoption or integration of commercial technologies into programs of record or fielded capabilities, including—
“(d) Funding.—
Subject to the availability of appropriations, amounts authorized to be appropriated the [sic] Director of the Defense Innovation Unit may be used to carry out the BOOST program.
“(e) Report.—Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment and the Director, shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report assessing BOOST program effectiveness in accelerating the adoption or integration of commercial technologies into programs of record or fielded capabilities of the Department of Defense, including—
“(1)
a summary of persons assisted and integrated commercial technologies;
“(2)
recommendations of the Secretary to improve the BOOST program; and
“(3)
a recommendation whether to continue or terminate the BOOST program.
“(f) Sunset.—
The BOOST program established under this section, and the authorities and requirements under this section, shall expire on December 31, 2030.
“(g) Definitions.—In this section:
“(3)
The term ‘product support manager’ has the meaning given in
section 1733 of title 10, United States Code, as added by section 1803 of this Act.”
Increase in Air Force and Navy Use of Commercial Dual-Use Parts in Certain Aircraft and Engines
Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title I, § 161, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2461, as amended by Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title I, § 161, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1815, provided that:
“(a) In General.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], the Secretary of the Air Force, with respect to the Air Force, and the Secretary of the Navy, with respect to the Navy, shall develop and implement processes and procedures for—
“(1)
the
acquisition of new, used, overhauled, reconditioned, and remanufactured commercial dual-use parts; and
“(2) the use of such commercial dual-use parts in all—
“(A)
commercial derivative aircraft and engines; and
“(B)
aircraft used by the Air Force or Navy that are based on the design of
commercial products.
“(b) Procurement of Parts.—The processes and procedures implemented under subsection (a) shall provide that commercial dual-use parts shall be acquired—
“(2)
only from suppliers that provide parts that possess an Authorized Release Certificate
Federal Aviation Administration Form 8130-3 Airworthy Approval Tag from a certified repair station pursuant to part
145 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, or from a certified production approval holder pursuant to part
21 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
“(c) Definitions.—In this section:
“(1) Commercial derivative.—
The term ‘commercial derivative’ means an item procured by the Department of Defense that is or was produced using the same or similar production facilities, a common supply chain, and the same or similar production processes that are used for the production of the item as predominantly used by the general public or by nongovernmental entities for purposes other than governmental purposes.
“(2) Commercial dual-use part.—The term ‘commercial dual-use part’ means a product that is—
“(C)
described in subsection (b)(2); and
“(D)
not a life-limited part.
Use of Commercial Items in Distributed Common Ground Systems
Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title XVI, § 1698, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1794, provided that:
“(a) In General.—
The procurement process for each covered Distributed Common Ground System shall be carried out in accordance with
section 2377 of title 10, United States Code [now
10 U.S.C. 3453].
“(b) Certification.—
Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [
Dec. 12, 2017], the service
acquisition executive responsible for each covered Distributed Common Ground System shall certify to the appropriate congressional committees that the procurement process for increments of the system procured after the date of the enactment of this Act will be carried out in accordance with
section 2377 of title 10, United States Code [now
10 U.S.C. 3453].
“(c) Definitions.—In this section:
“(1) The term ‘appropriate congressional committees’ means—
“(A)
the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives]; and
“(B)
the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
“(2) The term ‘covered Distributed Common Ground System’ includes the following:
“(A)
The Distributed Common Ground System of the Army.
“(B)
The Distributed Common Ground System of the Navy.
“(C)
The Distributed Common Ground System of the Marine Corps.
“(D)
The Distributed Common Ground System of the Air Force.
“(E)
The Distributed Common Ground System of the Special Operations Forces.”
Commercial Operational and Support Savings Initiative
Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, § 849(d), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2294, as amended by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 836(f)(7), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1871, provided that:
“(1) In general.—
The
Secretary of Defense may establish a commercial operational and support savings initiative to improve readiness and reduce operations and support costs by inserting existing
commercial products or technology into military legacy systems through the rapid development of prototypes and fielding of production items based on current commercial technology.
“(2) Program priority.—The commercial operational and support savings initiative shall fund programs that—
“(A)
reduce the costs of owning and operating a military system, including the costs of personnel, consumables, goods and services, and sustaining the support and investment associated with the peacetime operation of a weapon system;
“(B)
take advantage of the commercial sector’s technological innovations by inserting commercial technology into fielded weapon systems; and
“(C)
emphasize prototyping and experimentation with new technologies and concepts of operations.
“(3) Funding phases.—
“(A) In general.—
Projects funded under the commercial operational and support savings initiative shall consist of two phases, Phase I and Phase II.
“(B) Phase i.—
(i)
Funds made available during Phase I shall be used to perform the non-recurring engineering, testing, and qualification that are typically needed to adapt a
commercial product or technology for use in a military system.
“(ii) Phase I shall include—
“(I)
establishment of cost and performance metrics to evaluate project success;
“(II)
establishment of a transition plan and agreement with a military department or Defense
Agency for adoption and sustainment of the technology or system; and
“(III)
the development, fabrication, and delivery of a demonstrated prototype to a military department for installation into a fielded Department of Defense system.
“(iii)
Programs shall be terminated if no agreement is established within two years of project initiation.
“(iv)
The Office of the
Secretary of Defense may provide up to 50 percent of Phase I funding for a project. The military department or Defense
Agency concerned may provide the remainder of Phase I funding, which may be provided out of operation and maintenance funding.
“(v)
Phase I funding shall not exceed three years.
“(vi)
Phase I projects shall be selected based on a merit-based process using criteria to be established by the Secretary of Defense.
“(C) Phase ii.—
(i)
Phase II shall include the purchase of limited production quantities of the prototype kits and transition to a program of record for continued sustainment.
“(ii)
Phase II awards may be made without competition if general solicitation competitive procedures were used for the selection of parties for participation in a Phase I project.
“(iii)
Phase II awards may be made as firm fixed-price awards.
“(4) Treatment as competitive procedures.—
The use of a merit-based process for selection of projects under the commercial operational and support savings initiative shall be considered to be the use of competitive procedures for purposes of [former] chapter
137 of title 10, United States Code.
Preference for Commercial Services
Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, § 876, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2311, as amended by Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, § 902(59), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1550, provided that:
“Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016], the Secretary of Defense shall revise the guidance issued pursuant to section 855 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 10 U.S.C. 2377 note) to provide that—
“(1)
the
head of an agency may not enter into a contract in excess of $10,000,000 for facilities-related services, knowledge-based services (except engineering services), construction services, medical services, or transportation services that are not
commercial services unless the service
acquisition executive of the military department concerned, the head of the Defense
Agency concerned, the commander of the combatant command concerned, or the Under
Secretary of Defense for
Acquisition and Sustainment (as applicable) determines in writing that no
commercial services are suitable to meet the
agency’s needs as provided in
section 2377(c)(2) of title 10, United States Code [now
10 U.S.C. 3453(c)(2)]; and
Incorporation Into Management Certification Training Mandate
Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, § 844(b), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 915, which required the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to ensure that the requirements of former 10 U.S.C. 3453(e) (now 10 U.S.C. 3453(f)) were incorporated into the requirements management certification training mandate of the Joint Capabilities Integration Development System, was repealed by Pub. L. 119–60, div. A, title VIII, § 811(b)(8)(C), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 948.
Market Research and Preference for Commercial Items
Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, § 855, Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 919, as amended by Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, § 902(60), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1550, provided that:
“(a) Guidance Required.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 25, 2015], the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall issue guidance to ensure that acquisition officials of the Department of Defense fully comply with the requirements of section 2377 of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3453], regarding market research and commercial items. The guidance issued pursuant to this subsection shall, at a minimum—
“(1)
provide that the
head of an agency may not enter into a contract in excess of the
simplified acquisition threshold for information technology products or services that are not commercial items unless the head of the
agency determines in writing that no commercial items are suitable to meet the
agency’s needs as provided in subsection (c)(2) of such section; and
“(2)
ensure that market research conducted in accordance with subsection (c) of such section is used, where appropriate, to inform price reasonableness determinations.
“(b) Review Required.—
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [
Nov. 25, 2015], the Chairman and the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in consultation with the Under
Secretary of Defense for
Acquisition and Sustainment, shall review Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction 3170.01, the Manual for the Operation of the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System, and other documents governing the requirements development process and revise these documents as necessary to ensure that the
Department of Defense fully complies with the requirement in
section 2377(c) of title 10, United States Code [now
10 U.S.C. 3453(c)], and section 10.001 of the
Federal Acquisition Regulation for Federal agencies to conduct appropriate market research before developing new requirements.
“(c) Market Research Defined.—
For the purposes of this section, the term ‘market research’ means a review of existing systems, subsystems, capabilities, and technologies that are available or could be made available to meet the needs of the
Department of Defense in whole or in part. The review may include any of the techniques for conducting market research provided in section 10.002(b)(2) of the
Federal Acquisition Regulation and shall include, at a minimum, contacting knowledgeable individuals in Government and industry regarding existing market capabilities.”
Commercial Software Reuse Preference
Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, § 803, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4519, provided that:
“(a) In General.—
The
Secretary of Defense shall ensure that contracting officials identify and evaluate, at all stages of the
acquisition process (including concept refinement, concept decision, and technology development), opportunities for the use of commercial computer software and other non-developmental software.
“(b) Report.—
Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 14, 2008], the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report on actions taken to implement subsection (a), including a description of any relevant regulations and policy guidance.”
Requirement To Develop Training and Tools
Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, § 826(b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 228, provided that:
“The
Secretary of Defense shall develop training to assist contracting officers, and market research tools to assist such officers and prime contractors, in performing appropriate market research as required by subsection (c) of
section 2377 of title 10, United States Code [now
10 U.S.C. 3453(c)], as amended by this section.”
