Women and Justice: Keywords

Legislation

الدستور الأردني (Constitution of Jordan) (1952)

Gender discrimination

Article 6 (1) states that all Jordanians are “equal before the law” and that there shall be no discrimination between them in rights and duties on the basis of race, language, or religion. This is an overarching provision, without explicit mention of gender, providing for equality for “all” Jordanians. Article 6 does not apply to Muslim personal status matters, which are instead governed by the Jordanian Personal Status Law and the exclusive jurisdiction of the Shari’ah courts (Article 103 (2) of the Jordanian Constitution).

ورد في الفقرة الأولى من المادة السادسة أن الأردنيين متاسوون في الحقوق والواجبات وإن اختلفت أعراقهم ولغاتهم وأديانهم. من الجدير بالذكر أنه وعلى الرغم من أن الفقرة لم تحدد الجنس كعامل فارق، إلا أن المادة جاءت عامة لتشمل جميع الأردنيين. لا تنطبق هذه المادة على قضايا الأحوال الشخصية، حيث أنها تخضع لقانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني تحت اختصاص محاكم الشريعة الإسلامية.

Constitution of Egypt (2014)

Employment discrimination, Gender discrimination, Gender-based violence in general

Article 11 requires that the state guarantee equality between women and men in all civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. The state must work to adopt measures ensuring the proportional representation of women in the houses of parliament, as determined by the constitution. In addition, the state must ensure women’s rights in pursuing public employment, employment in the senior management of the state, and appointment in judicial agencies without discrimination. The state is committed to the protection of women against all forms of violence and guarantees the empowerment of women in reconciling familial duties and professional obligations. Article 53 mandates that all citizens enjoy equality under the law, equally in their rights, freedoms, and general obligations, without discrimination on the basis of religion, faith, sex, origin, race, color, language, disability, economic status, political affiliation, geography, or otherwise. Such discrimination, as well as the incitement of hate, constitutes a crime punishable under the law. The state is committed to adopting the necessary measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination, and the law establishes a special independent commission to this end. English translation available at: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Egypt_2014.pdf.

الدستور الأردني (Jordanian Constitution) (2016)

Gender discrimination

Article 6 (1) states that all Jordanians are “equal before the law” and that there shall be no discrimination between them in rights and duties on the basis of race, language, or religion. This is an overarching provision, without explicit mention of gender, however it does provide a basis for equality for “all” Jordanians. Article 6 does not apply to Muslim personal status matters, which are instead governed by the Jordanian Personal Status Law and the exclusive jurisdiction of the Shari’ah courts (Article 103 (2) of the Jordanian Constitution).

ورد في الفقرة الأولى من المادة السادسة أن الأردنيون متاسوون في الحقوق والواجبات وإن اختلفت أعراقهم ولغاتهم وأديانهم. من الجدير بالذكر أنه وعلى الرغم من أن الفقرة لم تحدد الجنس كعامل فارق، إلا أن المادة جات عامة لتشكل جميع الأردنيين. لا تنطبق هذه المادة على قضايا الأحوال الشخصية، حيث أنها تخضع لقانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني تحت اختصاص محاكم الشريعة الإسلامية.