Article 11 requires that the state guarantee equality between women and men in all civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. The state must work to adopt measures ensuring the proportional representation of women in the houses of parliament, as determined by the constitution. In addition, the state must ensure women’s rights in pursuing public employment, employment in the senior management of the state, and appointment in judicial agencies without discrimination. The state is committed to the protection of women against all forms of violence and guarantees the empowerment of women in reconciling familial duties and professional obligations. Article 53 mandates that all citizens enjoy equality under the law, equally in their rights, freedoms, and general obligations, without discrimination on the basis of religion, faith, sex, origin, race, color, language, disability, economic status, political affiliation, geography, or otherwise. Such discrimination, as well as the incitement of hate, constitutes a crime punishable under the law. The state is committed to adopting the necessary measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination, and the law establishes a special independent commission to this end. English translation available at: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Egypt_2014.pdf.
Women and Justice: Keywords
Legislation
Constitution of Egypt (2014)
قانون العمل الأردني لسنة 1996 (Labor Law No. 8 of 1996) (1996)
Article 27 prohibits employers from terminating pregnant women or issuing a warning of termination after six months of their pregnancy or during their maternity leave. Article 70 provides for a fully paid maternity leave of 10 weeks, with a prohibition on forcing woman to work less than 6 weeks after delivery. Article 71 goes on to provide that for up to the period of a year after delivery, women are entitled to take paid breaks to nurse their babies at a limit of one hour per day. Article 72 provides that an employer must provide a suitable place with a qualified nursemaid who can supervise the children of female employees up to the age of four, provided that there are not less than 20 women and not less than 10 children.
ورد في المادة 27 من القانون أنه لا يجوز لصاحب العمل إنهاء خدمة المرأة العاملة الحامل أو توجيه إشعار لها بإنهاء الخدمة وذلك بعد الشهر السادس من حملها أو خلال إجازة الأمومة. كما ذكرت المادة 70 مأنه يحق للمرأة العاملة الحصول على إجازة أمومة بأجركامل مدتها 10 أسابيع قبل الوضع وبعده ولا تقل عن 6 أسابيع بعد الوضع والتي فيها يحظر تشغيل المرأة. أما المادة 71 فقد أعطت المرأة العاملة بعد انتهاء إجازة أمومتها المذكورة في المادة السابقة وعودتها للعمل بالحصول على ساعةواحدة في اليوم لرضاعة مولودها الجديد مدفوعة الأجر لمدة سنة كاملة. بينما فرضت المادة 72 على صاحب العمل أن يهيئ مكان مناسب في مكان العمل بإشراف مربية مؤهلة لرعاية أطفال العاملات الذين تقل أعمارهم عن 4 سنوات وذلك في حال كان عدد الأطفال 10 أو أكثر.