NONDELEGATION DOCTRINE

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In 1970, Congress adopted the Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970 (“RPSA”), which was intended to aid in maintaining a national passenger railway system. See Assoc. of Am. Railroads v. United States Dept. of Transp., 721 F.3d 666, 668 (D.C. Cir. 2013)....

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In 1978, Congress enacted the Indian Child Welfare Act (“ICWA”) to protect American Indian children from widespread removal from their native families and communities and placement in non-Indian homes. Brackeen v. Haaland at 28–29. Prior to ICWA’s...

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In 1934, Congress passed the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (“the Act”) creating the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). 15 U.S.C. 78d(a). Its primary purpose was to protect investors and ensure a fair and efficient market. Id. The SEC is...