(a)
Requirements. The primary liner shall meet the following
requirements:
(1) The primary liner shall
prevent the migration of leachate through the liner to the greatest degree that
is technologically possible.
(2)
The effectiveness of the primary liner in preventing the migration of leachate
may not be adversely affected by the physical or chemical characteristics of
solid waste, solid waste constituents or leachate from the facility.
(3) The primary liner shall be resistant to
physical failure, chemical failure and other failure from the properties
identified under §
289.161 (relating to impoundment
plan).
(4) The primary liner shall
cover the bottom and sidewalls of the facility.
(b)
Design requirements.
Unless alternative design standards to meet the performance standards in
subsection (a) are approved as part of the permit under §
287.231 (relating to equivalency
review procedure), the primary liner shall meet, at the minimum, the
requirements of Appendix A, Table I (relating to minimum liner design
standards).
(c)
Specifications. A primary liner shall be:
(1) No more permeable than 1.0 x
10-7 cm/sec., based on laboratory testing.
(2) Installed, if the liners are synthetic,
according to the manufacturer's specifications under the supervision of an
authorized representative of the manufacturer. The approved quality control
program shall be implemented in the field during the installation of the
liner.
(3) Inspected for
uniformity, damage and imperfections during construction or
installation.
(d)
Composite primary liner.
(1)
If the operator does not design, construct, operate and maintain a composite
secondary liner, the operator shall design, construct, operate and maintain a
composite primary liner which has the following characteristics:
(i) An upper component made of a manufactured
geosynthetic liner that meets the requirements of this section independently of
the composite component.
(ii) A
composite component made of earthen material that meets the requirement of
§
289.434 (relating to secondary
liner) independently of the upper component, except that the composite
component may not be more permeable than 1.0 x 10
-6
cm/sec., based on laboratory and field testing.
(2) The two components of the composite liner
shall be designed, constructed and maintained to provide a compression
connection, or direct continuous contact between them.
(3) The use of a composite primary liner does
not relieve the operator of responsibility for a separate secondary liner under
§ 289.434.
(e)
Clay or earthen material prohibited. Except as provided in
subsection (d), a facility or component thereof that is subject to this section
may not have a primary liner made of clay or earthen material or a primary
liner based upon natural attenuation of leachate.