Public water suppliers shall monitor for compliance
with MCLs, MRDLs and treatment technique requirements in accordance with the
requirements established by the EPA under the National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations, 40 CFR Part 141 (relating to National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations), except as otherwise established by this chapter unless increased
monitoring is required by the Department under §
109.302 (relating to special
monitoring requirements). Alternative monitoring requirements may be
established by the Department and may be implemented in lieu of monitoring
requirements for a particular National Primary Drinking Water Regulation if the
alternative monitoring requirements are in conformance with the Federal act and
regulations. The monitoring requirements shall be applied as follows:
(1)
Performance monitoring for
filtration and disinfection. A public water supplier providing
filtration and disinfection of surface water or GUDI sources shall conduct the
following performance monitoring requirements, unless increased monitoring is
required by the Department under § 109.302.
(i) Except as provided under subparagraph
(ii), a public water supplier:
(A) Shall
determine and record the turbidity level of representative samples of the
system's filtered water as follows until August 19, 2019:
(I) For systems that operate continuously, at
least once every 4 hours that the system is in operation, except as provided in
clause (B).
(II) For systems that
do not operate continuously, at start-up, at least once every 4 hours that the
system is in operation, and also prior to shutting down the plant, except as
provided in clause (B).
(B) May substitute continuous turbidity
monitoring and recording for grab sample monitoring and manual recording until
August 19, 2019, if it validates the continuous measurement for accuracy on a
regular basis using a procedure specified by the manufacturer. At a minimum,
calibration with an EPA-approved primary standard shall be conducted at least
quarterly. For systems using slow sand filtration or filtration treatment other
than conventional filtration, direct filtration or diatomaceous earth
filtration, the Department may reduce the sampling frequency to once per
day.
(C) Shall continuously monitor
the turbidity level of the combined filter effluent beginning August 20, 2019,
using an analytical method specified in
40 CFR
141.74(a) (relating to
analytical and monitoring requirements) and record the results at least every
15 minutes while the plant is operating. For systems that do not operate
continuously, the turbidity level shall also be measured and recorded at
start-up and immediately prior to shutting down the plant.
(D) Shall continuously monitor and record the
residual disinfectant concentration of the water being supplied to the
distribution system and record both the lowest value for each day and the
number of periods each day when the value is less than 0.20 mg/L for more than
4 hours. If a public water system's continuous monitoring or recording
equipment fails, the public water supplier may, upon notification of the
Department under
109.701(a)(3)
(relating to reporting and recordkeeping), substitute grab sampling or manual
recording every 4 hours in lieu of continuous monitoring. Grab sampling or
manual recording may not be substituted for continuous monitoring or recording
for longer than 5 working days after the equipment fails.
(E) Until April 28, 2019, shall measure and
record the residual disinfectant concentration at representative points in the
distribution system no less frequently than the frequency required for total
coliform sampling for compliance with the MCL for microbiological
contaminants.
(F) Beginning April
29, 2019, shall measure and record the residual disinfectant concentration at
representative points in the distribution system in accordance with a sample
siting plan as specified in
109.701(a)(8)
and as follows:
(I) A public water supplier
shall monitor the residual disinfectant concentration at the same time and from
the same location that a total coliform sample is collected as specified in
paragraph (3)(i) and (ii). Measurements taken under this subclause may be used
to meet the requirements under subclause (II).
(II) A public water supplier shall monitor
the residual disinfectant concentration at representative locations in the
distribution system at least once per week.
(III) A public water supplier that does not
maintain the minimum residual disinfectant concentration specified in
109.710
(relating to disinfectant residual in the distribution system) at one or more
sample sites shall include those sample sites in the monitoring conducted the
following month.
(IV) Compliance
with the minimum residual disinfectant concentration shall be determined in
accordance with § 109.710.
(V)
A public water system may substitute online residual disinfectant concentration
monitoring and recording for grab sample monitoring and manual recording if it
validates the online measurement for accuracy in accordance with
109.304
(relating to analytical requirements).
(ii) Until August 19, 2019, for a public
water supplier serving fewer than 500 people, the Department may reduce the
filtered water turbidity monitoring to one grab sample per day, if the
historical performance and operation of the system indicate effective turbidity
removal is maintained under the range of conditions expected to occur in the
system's source water.
(iii) A
public water supplier providing conventional filtration treatment or direct
filtration and serving 10,000 or more people and using surface water or GUDI
sources shall, beginning January 1, 2002, conduct continuous monitoring of
turbidity for each individual filter using an approved method under the EPA
regulation in
40 CFR
141.74(a) and record the
results at least every 15 minutes. Beginning January 1, 2005, public water
suppliers providing conventional or direct filtration and serving fewer than
10,000 people and using surface water or GUDI sources shall conduct continuous
monitoring of turbidity for each individual filter using an approved method
under the EPA regulation in
40 CFR
141.74(a) and record the
results at least every 15 minutes. Beginning August 20, 2019, a public water
supplier using surface water or GUDI sources and providing filtration treatment
other than conventional or direct filtration shall conduct continuous
monitoring of turbidity for each individual filter using an approved method
under
40 CFR
141.74(a) and record the
results at least every 15 minutes.
(iv) In addition to the requirements of
subparagraphs (i)-(iii), a public water supplier shall conduct grab sampling or
manual recording, or both, every 4 hours in lieu of continuous monitoring or
recording if there is a failure in the continuous monitoring or recording
equipment, or both. The public water supplier shall notify the Department
within 24 hours of the equipment failure. Grab sampling or manual recording may
not be substituted for continuous monitoring for longer than 5 working days
after the equipment fails. The Department will consider case-by-case extensions
of the time frame to comply if the water supplier provides written
documentation that it was unable to repair or replace the malfunctioning
equipment within 5 working days due to circumstances beyond its
control.
(v) A public water
supplier shall calculate the log inactivation of Giardia, using measurement
methods established by the EPA, at least once per day during expected peak
hourly flow. The log inactivation for Giardia shall also be calculated whenever
the residual disinfectant concentration at the entry point falls below the
minimum value specified in
109.202(c)
(relating to State MCLs, MRDLs and treatment
technique requirements) and continue to be calculated every 4 hours until the
residual disinfectant concentration at the entry point is at or above the
minimum value specified in
109.202(c).
Records of log inactivation calculations must be reported to the Department in
accordance with § 109.701(a)(2).
(vi) In addition to the requirements
specified in sub-paragraph (v), a public water supplier that uses a
disinfectant other than chlorine to achieve log inactivation shall calculate
the log inactivation of viruses at least once per day during expected peak
hourly flow. The log inactivation for viruses shall also be calculated whenever
the residual disinfectant concentration at the entry point falls below the
minimum value specified in
109.202(c)
and continue to be calculated every 4 hours until the residual disinfectant
concentration at the entry point is at or above the minimum value specified in
109.202(c).
Records of log inactivation calculations shall be reported to the Department in
accordance with
109.701(a).
(2)
Performance monitoring
for unfiltered surface water and GUDI. A public water supplier using
unfiltered surface water or GUDI sources shall conduct the following source
water and performance monitoring requirements on an interim basis until
filtration is provided, unless increased monitoring is required by the
Department under § 109.302:
(i) Except
as provided under subparagraphs (ii) and (iii), a public water supplier:
(A) Shall perform
E. coli or
total coliform density determinations on samples of the source water
immediately prior to disinfection. Regardless of source water turbidity, the
minimum frequency of sampling for total coliform or
E. coli
determinations may be no less than the following:
System Size (People) |
Samples/Week |
<500 |
1 |
500-3,299 |
2 |
3,300-10,000 |
3 |
10,001-25,000 |
4 |
25,001 or more |
5 |
(B) Shall measure the turbidity of a
representative grab sample of the source water immediately prior to
disinfection as follows until August 19, 2019:
(I) For systems that operate continuously, at
least once every 4 hours that the system is in operation, except as provided in
clause (C).
(II) For systems that
do not operate continuously, at start-up, at least once every 4 hours that the
system is in operation, and also prior to shutting down the plant, except as
provided in clause (C).
(C) May substitute continuous turbidity
monitoring for grab sample monitoring until August 19, 2019, if it validates
the continuous measurement for accuracy on a regular basis using a procedure
specified by the manufacturer. At a minimum, calibration with an EPA-approved
primary standard shall be conducted at least quarterly.
(D) Shall continuously monitor and record the
turbidity of the source water immediately prior to disinfection beginning
August 20, 2019, using an analytical method specified in
40 CFR
141.74(a) and record the
results at least every 15 minutes while the source is operating. If there is a
failure in the continuous turbidity monitoring or recording equipment, or both,
the supplier shall conduct grab sampling or manual recording, or both, every 4
hours in lieu of continuous monitoring or recording. The public water supplier
shall notify the Department within 24 hours of the equipment failure. Grab
sampling or manual recording may not be substituted for continuous monitoring
for longer than 5 working days after the equipment fails. The Department will
consider case-by-case extensions of the time frame to comply if the water
supplier provides written documentation that it was unable to repair or replace
the malfunctioning equipment within 5 working days due to circumstances beyond
its control.
(E) Shall continuously
monitor and record the residual disinfectant concentration required under
§
109.202(c)(1)(iii)
of the water being supplied to the distribution system and record the lowest
value for each day. If a public water system's continuous monitoring or
recording equipment fails, the public water supplier may, upon notification of
the Department under §
109.701(a)(3),
substitute grab sampling or manual recording, or both, every 4 hours in lieu of
continuous monitoring. Grab sampling or manual recording may not be substituted
for continuous monitoring for longer than 5 days after the equipment
fails.
(F) Until April 28, 2019,
shall measure the residual disinfectant concentration at representative points
in the distribution system no less frequently than the frequency required for
total coliform sampling for compliance with the MCL for microbiological
contaminants.
(G) Beginning April
29, 2019, shall measure and record the residual disinfectant concentration at
representative points in the distribution system in accordance with a sample
siting plan as specified in §
109.701(a)(8) and
as follows:
(I) A public water supplier shall
monitor the residual disinfectant concentration at the same time and from the
same location that a total coliform sample is collected as specified in
paragraph (3)(i) and (ii). Measurements taken under this subclause may be used
to meet the requirements under subclause (II).
(II) A public water supplier shall monitor
the residual disinfectant concentration at representative locations in the
distribution system at least once per week.
(III) A public water supplier that does not
maintain the minimum residual disinfectant concentration specified in §
109.710 at one or more sample
sites shall include those sample sites in the monitoring conducted the
following month.
(IV) Compliance
with the minimum residual disinfectant concentration shall be determined in
accordance with § 109.710.
(V)
A public water system may substitute online residual disinfectant concentration
monitoring and recording for grab sample monitoring and manual recording if it
validates the online measurement for accuracy in accordance with §
109.304.
(ii) Until August 19,
2019, for a public water supplier serving 3,300 or fewer people, the Department
may reduce the residual disinfectant concentration monitoring for the water
being supplied to the distribution system to a minimum of 2 hours between
samples at the grab sampling frequencies prescribed as follows if the
historical performance and operation of the system indicate the system can meet
the residual disinfectant concentration at all times:
System Size (People) |
Samples/Week |
<500 |
1 |
500-1,000 |
2 |
1,001-2,500 |
3 |
2,501-3,300 |
4 |
If the Department reduces the monitoring, the supplier
shall nevertheless collect and analyze another residual disinfectant
measurement as soon as possible, but no longer than 4 hours from any
measurement which is less than the residual disinfectant concentration approved
under § 109.202(c)(1)(iii).
(iii) Until August 19, 2019, for a public
water supplier serving fewer than 500 people, the Department may reduce the
source water turbidity monitoring to one grab sample per day, if the historical
performance and operation of the system indicate effective disinfection is
maintained under the range of conditions expected to occur in the system's
source water.
(Editor's Note: Section
109.301(2)(iv)-(iii)
text as published at 52 Pa.B. 1245 (February 26, 2022) is deleted since it is
duplicated in the Pennsylvania Code due to a previous printing
error. The text of these serial pages can be found at (393259) and (391315) to
(391317).)
(3)
Monitoring requirements for coliforms. Public water systems
shall determine the presence or absence of total coliforms for each routine or
check sample; and, the presence or absence of
E. coli for a
total coliform positive sample in accordance with analytical techniques
approved by the Department under §
109.304 (relating to analytical
requirements). A system may forego
E. coli testing on a total
coliform-positive sample if the system assumes that any total coliform-positive
sample is also
E. coli-positive. A system which chooses to
forego
E. coli testing shall, under §
109.701(a)(3),
notify the Department within 1 hour after the water system learns of the
violation or the situation, and shall provide public notice in accordance with
§
109.408 (relating to Tier 1 public
notice-categories, timing and delivery of notice) if there is a violation of
the
E. coli MCL as set forth in subparagraph (iv).
(i)
Frequency. Public water
systems shall collect monthly samples at regular time intervals throughout the
monitoring period as specified in the system distribution sample siting plan
under §
109.303(a)(2)
(relating to sampling requirements). Systems which use groundwater and serve
4,900 persons or fewer may collect all required samples on a single day if they
are from different sampling sites in the distribution system.
(A) The number of monthly total coliform
samples that a public water system shall take is based on the population served
by the system as follows:
Population Served
|
Minimum Number of Samples per
Month
|
25 to 1,000 |
1 |
1,001 to 2,500 |
2 |
2,501 to 3,300 |
3 |
3,301 to 4,100 |
4 |
4,101 to 4,900 |
5 |
4,901 to 5,800 |
6 |
5,801 to 6,700 |
7 |
6,701 to 7,600 |
8 |
7,601 to 8,500 |
9 |
8,501 to 12,900 |
10 |
12,901 to 17,200 |
15 |
17,201 to 21,500 |
20 |
21,501 to 25,000 |
25 |
25,001 to 33,000 |
30 |
33,001 to 41,000 |
40 |
41,001 to 50,000 |
50 |
50,001 to 59,000 |
60 |
59,001 to 70,000 |
70 |
70,001 to 83,000 |
80 |
83,001 to 96,000 |
90 |
96,001 to 130,000 |
100 |
130,001 to 220,000 |
120 |
220,001 to 320,000 |
150 |
320,001 to 450,000 |
180 |
450,001 to 600,000 |
210 |
600,001 to 780,000 |
240 |
780,001 to 970,000 |
270 |
970,001 to 1,230,000 |
300 |
1,230,001 to 1,520,000 |
330 |
1,520,001 to 1,850,000 |
360 |
1,850,001 to 2,270,000 |
390 |
2,270,001 to 3,020,000 |
420 |
3,020,001 to 3,960,000 |
450 |
3,960,001 or more |
480 |
(B) A public water system that uses either a
surface water or a GUDI source and does not practice filtration in compliance
with Subchapter B (relating to MCLs, MRDLs or treatment technique requirements)
shall collect at least one total coliform sample at the entry point, or an
equivalent location as determined by the Department, within 24 hours of each
day that the turbidity level in the source water, measured as specified in
paragraph (2)(i)(B), exceeds 1.0 NTU. The Department may extend this 24-hour
collection limit to a maximum of 72 hours if the system adequately demonstrates
a logistical problem outside the system's control in having the sample analyzed
within 30 hours of collection. A logistical problem outside the system's
control may include a source water turbidity result exceeding 1.0 NTU over a
holiday or weekend in which the services of a Department certified laboratory
are not available within the prescribed sample holding time. These sample
results shall be included in determining compliance with the MCL for
E.
coli established under §
109.202(a)(2) and
whether an assessment has been triggered under §
109.202(c)(4).
(C) Prior to serving water to the public each
season, a seasonal system shall collect one or more total coliform samples in
accordance with the Department-approved start-up procedure specified in §
109.715 (relating to seasonal systems) until coliforms are not detected in a
set of samples. These samples are considered special purpose samples under
subparagraph (v).
(D) A system may
take more than the minimum number of required routine samples only if the
samples are collected in accordance with §
109.303(a)(2) and
are included in the sample siting plan in accordance with §
109.701(a)(5).
These samples shall be included in determining whether an assessment has been
triggered under §
109.202(c)(4).
(E) A community water system serving 1,000
people or fewer or a noncommunity water system may be required to begin
monitoring on an alternate schedule established by the Department. This
determination will be made based on the results of a special monitoring
evaluation performed during a sanitary survey. The system shall continue
monitoring on the alternate schedule until otherwise notified by the
Department.
(ii)
Repeat monitoring. A public water system shall collect a set
of check samples within 24 hours of being notified of a total coliform-positive
routine sample, a total coliform-positive check sample or a total
coliform-positive sample collected under subparagraph (i)(B). The Department
may extend this 24-hour collection limit to a maximum of 72 hours if the system
adequately demonstrates a logistical problem outside the system's control in
having the check samples analyzed within 30 hours of collection. A logistical
problem outside the system's control may include a coliform-positive sample
result received over a holiday or weekend in which the services of a Department
accredited laboratory are not available within the prescribed sample holding
time.
(A) A public water system shall collect
at least three check samples for each routine total coliform-positive sample
found.
(B) The system shall collect
at least one check sample from the sampling tap where the original total
coliform-positive sample was taken. The system shall also collect at least one
check sample at any tap within five service connections upstream of the
original coliform-positive sample and at least one check sample at any tap
within five service connections downstream of the original sampling site unless
alternative locations are approved by the Department in accordance with §
109.701(a)(5). If a total coliform-positive sample occurs at the end of the
distribution system or one service connection away from the end of the
distribution system, the water supplier shall collect an additional check
sample upstream of the original sample site in lieu of a downstream check
sample.
(C) A system shall collect
all check samples on the same day, except that a system with a single service
connection may collect the required set of check samples all on the same day or
consecutively over a 3-day period.
(D) At a minimum, the system shall collect
one set of check samples for each total coliform-positive routine sample. If a
check sample is total coliform-positive, the public water system shall collect
an additional set of check samples from the same locations in the manner
specified in this subparagraph. The system shall continue to collect additional
sets of check samples from the same locations until either total coliforms are
not detected in a set of check samples, or the system determines that an
assessment has been triggered under §
109.202(c)(4).
(E) Results of all routine and check samples
not invalidated by the Department shall be included in determining compliance
with the MCL for
E. coli as established under §
109.202(a)(2) or
whether an assessment has been triggered under §
109.202(c)(4).
(F) If an upstream or downstream repeat
monitoring location identified in the sample siting plan is not available in
the time frame specified in this subpara-graph, the public water system shall
notify the Department prior to collecting the check sample that the check
sample will be collected from a location within reasonable proximity to the
routine monitoring location.
(iii)
Invalidation of total coliform
samples. A total coliform sample invalidated under this paragraph does
not count towards meeting the minimum monitoring requirements of this section.
(A) The Department may invalidate a total
coliform-positive sample if one of the following applies:
(I) The laboratory which performed the
analysis establishes that improper sample analysis caused the total
coliform-positive result.
(II) A
domestic or other nondistribution system plumbing problem exists when a
coliform contamination incident occurs that is limited to a specific service
connection from which a coliform-positive sample was taken in a public water
system with more than one service connection. The Department's determination to
invalidate a sample will be based on a total coliform-positive check sample
collected at the same tap as the original total coliform-positive sample and
all total coliform-negative check samples collected within five service
connections of the original total coliform positive sample. This type of sample
invalidation does not apply to public water systems with only one service
connection.
(III) A total
coliform-positive sample result is due to a circumstance or condition which
does not reflect water quality in the distribution system. The Department's
decision to invalidate a sample will be based on evidence that the sample
result does not reflect water quality in the distribution system. In this case,
the system shall still collect all check samples required under subparagraph
(ii) to determine compliance with the MCL for
E. coli as
established under §
109.202(a)(2) or
whether an assessment has been triggered under §
109.202(c)(4).
The decision to invalidate a total coliform-positive sample result and
supporting evidence will be documented by the Department, in writing, and
approved and signed by the supervisor of the Department official who
recommended the decision.
(B) A laboratory shall invalidate a total
coliform sample if no total coliforms are detected and one of the following
occurs:
(I) The sample produces a turbid
culture in the absence of gas production using an analytical method where gas
formation is examined.
(II) The
sample exhibits confluent growth or produces colonies too numerous to count
with an analytical method using a membrane filter.
(III) The sample produces a turbid culture in
the absence of an acid reaction in the Presence-Absence Coliform
Test.
(C) If a laboratory
invalidates a sample because of interference as specified in clause (B), the
laboratory shall notify the system within 1 business day to collect another
sample from the same location as the original sample within 24 hours of being
notified of the interference and have it analyzed for the presence of total
coliforms. The system shall resample within 24 hours of being notified of
interference and continue to resample every 24 hours until it receives a valid
result. The Department may extend this 24-hour limit to a maximum of 72 hours
if the system adequately demonstrates a logistical problem outside the system's
control in having the resamples analyzed within 30 hours. A logistical problem
outside the system's control may include a notification of a laboratory sample
invalidation, due to interference, which is received over a holiday or weekend
in which the services of a Department accredited laboratory are not available
within the prescribed sample holding time.
(iv)
Compliance
determinations.
(A) A system is in
compliance with the MCL for
E. coli as specified under §
109.202(a)(2) for
samples taken under this paragraph unless any of the following conditions
occur:
(I) The system has an E.
coli-positive check sample following a total coliform-positive routine
sample.
(II) The system has a total
coliform-positive check sample following an E. coli-positive
routine sample.
(III) The system
fails to take all required check samples following an E.
coli-positive routine sample.
(IV) The system fails to test for E.
coli when any check sample tests positive for total
coliform.
(B) A public
water system shall determine compliance with the MCL for E. coli
in clause (A) for each month in which it is required to monitor for
total coliforms.
(v)
Special purpose samples. Special purpose samples, such as
those taken to determine whether disinfection practices are sufficient
following pipe placement, replacement or repair, those taken to investigate
potential problems in the distribution system or those collected as part of a
seasonal system start-up procedure, may not be used to determine compliance
with the MCL for
E. coli as established under §
109.202(a)(2) or
whether an assessment has been triggered under §
109.202(c)(4).
Check samples taken under subparagraph (ii) are not considered special purpose
samples, and shall be used to determine compliance with the monitoring, MCL and
treatment technique requirements for total coliforms and
E.
coli established under § 109.202(a)(2) and (c)(4).
(4)
Exception. For a water system which complies with the
performance monitoring requirements under paragraph (2), the monitoring
requirements for compliance with the turbidity MCL do not apply.
(5)
Monitoring requirements for
VOCs. Community water systems and nontransient noncommunity water
systems shall monitor for compliance with the MCLs for VOCs established by the
EPA under
40 CFR
141.61(a) (relating to
maximum contaminant levels for organic contaminants). The monitoring shall be
conducted according to the requirements established by the EPA under
40 CFR
141.24(f) (relating to
organic chemicals, sampling and analytical requirements), incorporated herein
by reference, except as modified by this chapter. Initial or first year
monitoring mentioned in this paragraph refers to VOC monitoring conducted on or
after January 1, 1993.
(i)
Vinyl
chloride. Monitoring for compliance with the MCL for vinyl chloride is
required for groundwater entry points at which one or more of the following
two-carbon organic compounds have been detected: trichloroethylene,
tetrachloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-ethane,
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-dichloro-ethylene or 1,1-dichloroethylene
and shall consist of quarterly samples. If the results of the first analysis do
not detect vinyl chloride, monitoring shall be reduced to one sample during
each compliance period. Surface water entry points shall monitor for vinyl
chloride as specified by the Department.
(ii)
Initial monitoring.
Initial monitoring shall consist of 4 consecutive quarterly samples at each
entry point in accordance with the following monitoring schedule during the
compliance period beginning January 1, 1993, except for systems which are
granted reduced initial monitoring in accordance with clauses (E) and (F). A
system which monitors during the initial monitoring period, but begins
monitoring before its scheduled initial monitoring year specified in this
subparagraph, shall begin monitoring every entry point during the first
calendar quarter of the year it begins monitoring, except as provided in clause
(E).
(A) Systems serving more than 10,000
persons shall begin monitoring during the quarter beginning January 1,
1994.
(B) Systems serving 3,301
persons to 10,000 persons shall begin monitoring during the quarter beginning
January 1, 1995.
(C) Systems
serving 500 to 3,300 persons shall begin monitoring during the quarter
beginning January 1, 1993.
(D)
Systems serving fewer than 500 persons shall begin monitoring during the
quarter beginning January 1, 1994.
(E) For systems serving 3,300 or fewer people
which monitor at least one quarter prior to October 1, 1993, and do not detect
VOCs at an entry point during the first quarterly sample, the required initial
monitoring is reduced to one sample at that entry point. For systems serving
500 to 3,300 people to qualify for this reduced monitoring, the initial
monitoring shall have been conducted during the quarter beginning January 1,
1993.
(F) For systems serving more
than 3,300 people, which were in existence prior to January 1, 1993, initial
monitoring for compliance with the MCLs for VOCs established by the EPA under
40 CFR
141.61(a) is reduced to one
sample for each entry point which meets the following conditions:
(I) VOC monitoring required by the Department
between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 1992, has been conducted and no VOCs
regulated under
40 CFR
141.61(a) were
detected.
(II) The first quarter
monitoring required by this paragraph has been conducted during the first
quarter of the system's scheduled monitoring year under this paragraph, with no
detection of a VOC.
(G)
Systems with new entry points associated with new sources which are permitted
under Subchapter E (relating to permit requirements) to begin operation after
December 31, 1992, shall conduct initial monitoring as follows. New entry
points shall be monitored quarterly, beginning the first full quarter the entry
point begins serving the public.
(iii)
Repeat monitoring for entry
points at which a VOC is detected. For entry points at which a VOC is
detected at a level equal to or greater than 0.0005 mg/L, then:
(A) Monitoring shall be repeated quarterly
beginning the quarter following the detection for VOCs for which the EPA has
established MCLs under
40 CFR
141.61(a), except for vinyl
chloride as provided in subparagraph (i), until reduced monitoring is granted
in accordance with this subparagraph.
(B) The Department may decrease the quarterly
monitoring requirement specified in clause (A) provided it has determined that
the system is reliably and consistently below the MCL. For an initial detection
of a VOC, the Department will not make this determination until the water
system obtains results from a minimum of four consecutive quarterly samples
that are reliably and consistently below the MCL.
(C) If the Department determines that the
system is reliably and consistently below the MCL, the Department may allow the
system to monitor annually. Systems which monitor annually shall monitor during
the quarter that previously yielded the highest analytical result, or as
specified by the Department.
(iv)
Repeat monitoring for entry
points at which no VOC is detected.
(A) For entry points at which VOCs are not
detected during the first year of quarterly monitoring, or annual monitoring if
only one sample was required at an entry point for first year monitoring under
subparagraph (ii)(E), or (F), required monitoring is reduced to one sample per
entry point per year.
(B) For
groundwater or GUDI entry points where VOCs are monitored in accordance with
this paragraph, but are not detected during 3 years of quarterly or annual
monitoring, or both, required monitoring is reduced to one sample per entry
point during each subsequent compliance period. Reduced monitoring shall be
conducted at 3-year intervals from the year of required initial
monitoring.
(v)
Repeat monitoring for VOCs with MCL exceedances. For entry
points at which a VOC MCL is exceeded, monitoring shall be conducted quarterly,
beginning the quarter following the exceedance. Quarterly monitoring shall
continue until a minimum of 4 consecutive quarterly samples shows the system is
in compliance as specified in subparagraph (x) and the Department determines
the system is reliably and consistently below the MCL. If the Department
determines that the system is in compliance and is reliably and consistently
below the MCL, the Department may allow the system to monitor in accordance
with subparagraph (iii)(C).
(vi)
Confirmation samples. A confirmation sample shall be collected
and analyzed for each VOC listed under
40 CFR
141.61(a) which is detected
at a level in excess of its MCL during annual or less frequent compliance
monitoring. The confirmation sample shall be collected within 2 weeks of
notification by the accredited laboratory performing the analysis that an MCL
has been exceeded. The average of the results of the original and the
confirmation sample will be used to determine compliance. Monitoring shall be
completed by the deadline specified for VOC compliance monitoring.
(vii)
Reduced monitoring.
When reduced monitoring is provided under subparagraph (iii) or (iv), the
system shall monitor the entry point during the calendar year quarter that
previously yielded the highest analytical result, or as specified by the
Department. The reduced monitoring option in subparagraph (iv)(B) does not
apply to entry points at which treatment has been installed for VOC removal.
Quarterly performance monitoring is required for VOCs for which treatment has
been installed.
(viii)
Waivers. Waivers under
40 CFR
141.24(f)(7) and (10) will
not be available for the VOC monitoring requirements in this paragraph. Systems
with groundwater or GUDI entry points which have 3 consecutive years of
quarterly or annual samples with no detection of a VOC may apply to the
Department for a waiver. Entry points at which treatment has been installed to
remove a VOC are not eligible for a monitoring waiver.
(A) A use waiver may be granted to a public
water supplier from conducting monitoring under subparagraph (iii)(C), based on
documentation provided by the public water supplier and a determination by the
Department that the criteria has been met. Waivers may be granted after
evaluating the following criteria:
(I)
Knowledge of previous use, including transport, storage or disposal, of a
substance containing VOCs within the wellhead protection area Zones I and II as
defined under §
109.1 (relating to
definitions).
(II) If a
determination by the Department reveals no previous use, a waiver may be
granted.
(B) If a use
waiver is granted by the Department, required monitoring is reduced to one
sample per entry point during each subsequent compliance period. Monitoring
shall be conducted at 3-year intervals from the year of required initial
monitoring.
(C) A use waiver is
effective for one compliance period and may be renewed in each subsequent
compliance period.
(D)
Susceptibility waivers under 40 CFR
141.24(f)(8)(ii) will not be
available for the VOC monitoring requirements in this paragraph.
(E) Waiver requests and renewals shall be
submitted to the Department, on forms provided by the Department, for review
and approval prior to the end of the applicable monitoring period. Until the
waiver request or renewal is approved, the public water system is responsible
for conducting all required monitoring.
(ix)
Invalidation of VOC
samples.
(A) The Department may
invalidate results of obvious sampling errors.
(B) A VOC sample invalidated under this
subparagraph does not count towards meeting the minimum monitoring requirements
of this paragraph.
(x)
Compliance determinations. Compliance with the VOC MCLs shall
be determined based on the analytical results obtained at each entry point. If
one entry point is in violation of an MCL, the system is in violation of the
MCL.
(A) For systems monitoring more than
once per year, compliance with the MCL is determined by a running annual
average of all samples taken at each entry point.
(B) If monitoring is conducted annually or
less frequently, the system is out of compliance if the level of a contaminant
at any entry point is greater than the MCL. If a confirmation sample is
collected as specified in subparagraph (vi), compliance is determined using the
average of the two sample results.
(C) If any sample result will cause the
running annual average to exceed the MCL at any entry point, the system is out
of compliance with the MCL immediately.
(D) If a system fails to collect the required
number of samples, compliance with the MCL will be based on the total number of
samples collected.
(E) If a sample
result is less than the detection limit, zero will be used to calculate
compliance.
(6)
Monitoring requirements for SOCs (pesticides and PCBs).
Community water systems and nontransient noncommunity water systems shall
monitor for compliance with the MCLs for SOCs established by the EPA under
40 CFR
141.61(c). The monitoring
shall be conducted according to the requirements established by the EPA under
40 CFR
141.24(h), incorporated
herein by reference except as modified by this chapter.
(i)
Initial monitoring.
Initial monitoring shall consist of 4 consecutive quarterly samples at each
entry point beginning during the quarter beginning January 1, 1995, except for
systems which are granted an initial monitoring waiver in accordance with
subparagraph (vii). Systems which monitor during the initial monitoring period
but begin monitoring before 1995 shall begin monitoring during the first
calendar quarter of the year. New entry points associated with new sources
which are vulnerable to SOC contamination, as determined in accordance with
subparagraph (vii), and which begin operation after March 31, 1995, shall be
monitored quarterly, beginning the first full quarter the entry point begins
serving the public.
(ii)
Repeat monitoring for SOCs that are detected. If an SOC is
detected (as defined by the EPA under
40 CFR
141.24(h)(18) or by the
Department), then:
(A) Monitoring for the
detected SOC shall be conducted quarterly, beginning the quarter following the
detection, until reduced monitoring is granted in accordance with this
subparagraph.
(B) The Department
may decrease the quarterly monitoring requirement specified in clause (A)
provided it has determined that the system is reliably and consistently below
the MCL. For an initial detection of a SOC, the Department will not make this
determination until the water system obtains results from a minimum of four
consecutive quarterly samples that are reliably and consistently below the
MCL.
(C) If the Department
determines that the system is reliably and consistently below the MCL, the
Department may allow the system to monitor annually. Systems which monitor
annually shall monitor during the quarter that previously yielded the highest
analytical result, or as specified by the Department.
(D) Systems which have 3 consecutive years of
quarterly or annual samples with no detection of a contaminant may apply to the
Department for a waiver as specified in subparagraph (vii). A waiver is
effective for one compliance period and may be renewed in each subsequent
compliance period.
(E) For entry
points at which either heptachlor or heptachlor epoxide is detected during the
initial round of consecutive quarterly samples, or in subsequent repeat
samples, the monitoring shall be continued for both contaminants in accordance
with the more frequent monitoring required of the two contaminants based on the
level at which each is detected.
(iii)
Repeat monitoring for SOCs that
are not detected. For entry points at which SOCs are not detected
during the first year of quarterly monitoring, the required monitoring is
reduced to one sample in each 3-year compliance period for systems serving
3,300 or fewer persons and to 2 consecutive quarterly samples in each
compliance period for systems serving more than 3,300 persons. Reduced
monitoring shall be conducted at 3-year intervals from the year of required
initial VOC monitoring, in accordance with paragraph (5)(ii).
(iv)
Repeat monitoring for SOCs with
MCL exceedances. For entry points at which an SOC MCL is exceeded,
monitoring for the detected SOC shall be conducted quarterly, beginning the
quarter following the exceedance. Quarterly monitoring shall continue until a
minimum of 4 consecutive quarterly samples shows the system is in compliance as
specified in subparagraph (ix) and the Department determines the system is
reliably and consistently below the MCL. If the Department determines that the
system is in compliance and is reliably and consistently below the MCL, the
Department may allow the system to monitor in accordance with subparagraph
(ii)(C).
(v)
Confirmation
samples. A confirmation sample shall be collected and analyzed for
each SOC listed under
40 CFR
141.61(c) which is detected
at a level in excess of its MCL during annual or less frequent compliance
monitoring. The confirmation sample shall be collected within 2 weeks of the
water supplier receiving notification from the accredited laboratory performing
the analysis that an MCL has been exceeded. The average of the results of the
original and the confirmation samples will be used to determine compliance.
Confirmation monitoring shall be completed by the deadline specified for SOC
compliance monitoring.
(vi)
Reduced monitoring. When reduced monitoring is provided under
subparagraph (ii) or (iii), the system shall monitor the entry point during the
second calendar year quarter, or the second and third calendar year quarter
when 2 quarterly samples are required in each compliance period, unless
otherwise specified by the Department. The reduced monitoring option in
subparagraph (iii) does not apply to entry points at which treatment has been
installed for SOC removal. Compliance monitoring for SOCs for which treatment
has been installed to comply with an MCL shall be conducted at least annually,
and performance monitoring shall be conducted quarterly.
(vii)
Waivers. A waiver will
be granted to a public water supplier from conducting the initial compliance
monitoring or repeat monitoring, or both, for an SOC based on documentation
provided by the public water supplier and a determination by the Department
that the criteria in clause (B), (C) or (D) has been met. A waiver is effective
for one compliance period and may be renewed in each subsequent compliance
period. If the Department has not granted a use waiver in accordance with
clause (B), the public water supplier is responsible for submitting a waiver
application and renewal application to the Department for review in accordance
with clause (B), (C) or (D) for specific entry points. Waiver applications will
be evaluated relative to the vulnerability assessment area described in clause
(A) and the criteria in clause (B), (C) or (D). Entry points at which treatment
has been installed to remove an SOC are not eligible for a monitoring waiver
for the SOCs for which treatment has been installed.
(A)
Vulnerability assessment area for
SOCs including dioxin and PCBs.
(I)
For groundwater or GUDI entry points, the vulnerability assessment area shall
consist of wellhead protection area Zones I and II as defined under §
109.1.
(II) For surface water entry points, the
vulnerability assessment area shall consist of surface water intake protection
area Zones A and B as defined under § 109.1.
(B)
Use waivers. A use
waiver will be granted by the Department for contaminants which the Department
has determined have not been used, stored, manufactured, transported or
disposed of in this Commonwealth, or portions of this Commonwealth. A use
waiver specific to a particular entry point requires that an SOC was not used,
stored, manufactured, transported or disposed of in the vulnerability
assessment area. If use waiver criteria cannot be met, a public water supplier
may apply for a susceptibility waiver.
(C)
Susceptibility waivers.
A susceptibility waiver for specific contaminants may be granted based on the
following criteria, and only applies to groundwater entry points:
(I) Previous analytical results.
(II) Environmental persistence and transport
of the contaminant.
(III) Proximity
of the drinking water source to point or nonpoint source
contamination.
(IV) Elevated
nitrate levels as an indicator of the potential for pesticide
contamination.
(V) Extent of source
water protection or approved wellhead protection program.
(D)
Waiver requests and
renewals. Waiver requests and renewals shall be submitted to the
Department, on forms provided by the Department, for review and approval prior
to the end of the applicable monitoring period. Until the waiver request or
renewal is approved, the public water system is responsible for conducting all
required monitoring.
(viii)
Invalidation of SOC
samples.
(A) The Department may
invalidate results of obvious sampling errors.
(B) An SOC sample invalidated under this
subparagraph does not count towards meeting the minimum monitoring requirements
of this paragraph.
(ix)
Compliance determinations. Compliance with the SOC MCLs shall
be determined based on the analytical results obtained at each entry point. If
one entry point is in violation of an MCL, the system is in violation of the
MCL.
(A) For systems monitoring more than
once per year, compliance with the MCL is determined by a running annual
average of all samples taken at each entry point.
(B) If monitoring is conducted annually or
less frequently, the system is out of compliance if the level of a contaminant
at any entry point is greater than the MCL. If a confirmation sample is
collected as specified in subparagraph (v), compliance is determined using the
average of the two sample results.
(C) If any sample result will cause the
running annual average to exceed the MCL at any entry point, the system is out
of compliance with the MCL immediately.
(D) If a system fails to collect the required
number of samples, compliance with the MCL will be based on the total number of
samples collected.
(E) If a sample
result is less than the detection limit, zero will be used to calculate
compliance.
(7)
Monitoring requirements for IOCs. Community water systems and
nontransient noncommunity water systems shall monitor for compliance with the
MCLs for IOCs established by the EPA under
40 CFR
141.62 (relating to maximum contaminant
levels for inorganic contaminants). Transient noncommunity water suppliers
shall monitor for compliance with the MCLs for nitrate and nitrite. The
monitoring shall be conducted according to the requirements established by the
EPA under
40 CFR
141.23 (relating to inorganic chemical
sampling and analytical requirements). The requirements are incorporated by
reference except as modified by this chapter.
(i)
Monitoring requirements for
asbestos.
(A)
Monitoring
frequency. Community water systems and nontransient noncommunity water
systems not granted a waiver under clause (F) shall monitor for compliance with
the MCL for asbestos by taking one sample at each vulnerable sampling point
during the first 3-year compliance period of each 9-year compliance cycle, with
the initial compliance monitoring beginning not later than the calendar year
beginning January 1, 1995.
(B)
Sampling points. A system shall monitor at the following
locations:
(I) Each entry point to the
distribution system.
(II) At least
one representative location within the distribution system identified in a
written sample site plan that includes a materials evaluation of the
distribution system. The written sample site plan shall be maintained on record
and submitted to the Department prior to conducting initial monitoring or upon
request.
(C)
Monitoring of new entry points. New entry points which begin
operation after December 31, 1995, shall conduct initial monitoring during the
first compliance period of the first compliance cycle after the entry point
begins serving the public, if the Department determines that a waiver cannot be
granted in accordance with clause (F).
(D)
Repeat monitoring for systems
that exceed the asbestos MCL. If a sample exceeds the MCL for
asbestos, the monitoring at that sampling point shall be continued quarterly
beginning in the quarter following the MCL exceedance. After four consecutive
quarterly samples with results reliably and consistently below the MCL at that
entry point, the required monitoring is reduced to one sample at that entry
point during the first 3-year compliance period of each subsequent 9-year
compliance cycle, if treatment has not been installed to remove asbestos from
the source water. Compliance monitoring at entry points at which treatment has
been installed to remove asbestos from source water shall be conducted at least
annually, and performance monitoring shall be conducted quarterly.
(E)
Confirmation samples.
For asbestos sample results in excess of the MCL during annual or less frequent
compliance monitoring, the water supplier shall take a confirmation sample
within 2 weeks of notification by the accredited laboratory performing the
analysis. The average of the results of the original and the confirmation
sample will be used to determine compliance. Monitoring shall be completed by
the deadline specified for asbestos compliance monitoring.
(F)
Waivers for asbestos
monitoring. A waiver will be granted to a public water supplier from
conducting compliance monitoring for asbestos based on documentation provided
by the public water supplier and a determination by the Department that the
criteria in this clause have been met. A waiver is effective for one compliance
period and may be renewed in each subsequent compliance period. Entry points at
which treatment has been installed to remove asbestos are not eligible for a
monitoring waiver.
(I) A waiver for entry
point compliance monitoring may be granted if the sources supplying the entry
point are not vulnerable to asbestos contamination.
(II) A waiver for distribution system
monitoring may be granted if the distribution system does not contain asbestos
cement pipe as indicated in the materials evaluation or if the water system has
optimized corrosion control as specified in Subchapter K (relating to lead and
copper).
(III) Waiver requests and
renewals shall be submitted to the Department, on forms provided by the
Department, for review and approval prior to the end of the applicable
monitoring period. Until the waiver request or renewal is approved, the public
water system is responsible for conducting all required monitoring.
(ii)
Monitoring
requirements for nitrate and nitrite.
(A)
Initial monitoring
schedule. A public water system shall begin monitoring for nitrate and
nitrite by taking one annual sample at each groundwater or GUDI entry point to
the distribution system beginning during the year beginning January 1, 1993.
Community water systems and nontransient noncommunity water systems with
surface water sources shall monitor quarterly at each surface water entry point
for nitrate and nitrite beginning during the quarter beginning January 1, 1993.
Transient noncommunity water systems shall monitor each surface water entry
point by taking one annual sample beginning during the year beginning January
1, 1993.
(B)
Monitoring of
new entry points.
(I) New community
and nontransient noncommunity surface water entry points associated with new
sources shall be monitored quarterly, beginning the first full quarter the
entry point begins serving the public. Quarterly monitoring shall continue
until reduced monitoring is granted in accordance with clause (C)(II) or
(D).
(II) New community and
nontransient noncommunity groundwater or GUDI entry points and new transient
noncommunity entry points associated with new sources shall be monitored
annually, beginning within 1 year of serving the public.
(C)
Repeat monitoring for systems
with nitrate or nitrite levels equal to or greater than 50% of the
MCLs.
(I) For entry points at which
initial monitoring results or subsequent monitoring indicate nitrate or nitrite
levels equal to or greater than 50% of the MCL, water systems shall begin
quarterly monitoring the quarter following detection at that level and continue
quarterly monitoring for both nitrate and nitrite, unless reduced monitoring is
granted in accordance with subclause (II) or (III).
(II) For surface water entry points, after 4
consecutive quarterly samples at an entry point for a water system indicate
nitrate and nitrite levels in each sample are less than 50% of the MCLs, the
required compliance monitoring is reduced to 1 sample per year at the entry
point. Annual monitoring shall be conducted during the quarter which previously
resulted in the highest analytical result, unless the Department determines
that a different monitoring quarter should be used in accordance with paragraph
(10).
(III) For groundwater or GUDI
entry points, after 4 consecutive quarterly samples at an entry point for a
water system indicate nitrate and nitrite levels in each sample are reliably
and consistently below the MCL, the required compliance monitoring is reduced
to 1 sample per year at the entry point. Annual monitoring shall be conducted
during the quarter which previously resulted in the highest analytical result,
unless the Department determines that a different monitoring quarter should be
used in accordance with paragraph (10).
(IV) For nitrate or nitrite sample results in
excess of the MCLs, the water supplier shall take a confirmation sample within
24 hours of having received the original sample result. A water supplier that
is unable to comply with the 24-hour sampling requirement shall immediately
notify persons served by the public water system in accordance with
109.408.
Systems exercising this option shall take and analyze a confirmation sample
within 2 weeks of notification of the analytical results of the first sample.
(V) Noncommunity water systems for
which an alternate nitrate level has been approved by the Department in
accordance with
40 CFR
141.11(d) (relating to
maximum contaminant levels for inorganic chemicals) are not required to collect
a confirmation sample if only the nitrate MCL is exceeded and nitrate is not in
excess of the alternate nitrate level. If the alternate nitrate level is
exceeded, the water supplier shall collect a confirmation sample within 24
hours after being advised by the certified laboratory performing the analysis
that the compliance sample exceeded 20 mg/L for nitrate. Confirmation
monitoring shall be completed by the deadline for compliance
monitoring.
(VI) Quarterly
performance monitoring is required for nitrate and nitrite at entry points
where treatment has been installed to remove nitrate or nitrite.
(D)
Repeat monitoring for
systems with nitrate and nitrite levels less than 50% of the MCLs. For
entry points at which initial monitoring results indicate nitrate and nitrite
levels in each sample are less than 50% of the MCLs, nitrate and nitrite
monitoring shall be repeated annually during the calendar quarter which
previously resulted in the highest analytical result, unless the Department
determines that a different monitoring quarter should be used in accordance
with paragraph (10).
(iii)
Monitoring requirements for
antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, cyanide, chromium, fluoride,
mercury, nickel, selenium and thallium.
(A)
Initial monitoring
schedule. Community water systems and nontransient noncommunity water
systems shall monitor each surface water entry point annually beginning during
the year beginning January 1, 1993, and shall monitor each groundwater or GUDI
entry point once every 3 years beginning during the year beginning January 1,
1994.
(B)
Monitoring of new
entry points. New groundwater or GUDI entry points which begin
operation after December 31, 1994, shall begin initial monitoring in accordance
with the schedule in clause (A)-that is, 1997, and so forth. New surface water
entry points shall begin initial annual monitoring during the first new
calendar year after the entry point begins serving the public.
(C)
Repeat monitoring for entry
points at which an IOC MCL is exceeded.
(I) For entry points at which initial
monitoring results or subsequent monitoring indicates an IOC level in excess of
the MCL, monitoring shall be repeated quarterly beginning the quarter following
detection at that level for each IOC in excess of an MCL, until reduced
monitoring is granted in accordance with subclause (II).
(II) After analyses of four consecutive
quarterly samples indicate that contaminant levels are reliably and
consistently below the MCLs, the required monitoring at an entry point where
treatment has not been installed to comply with an IOC MCL for each IOC that is
reliably and consistently below the MCL is reduced to the frequencies stated in
clause (A). This reduced monitoring option does not apply to entry points at
which treatment has been installed for IOC removal. Compliance monitoring for
IOCs for which treatment has been installed to comply with an MCL shall be
conducted at least annually, and performance monitoring shall be conducted
quarterly.
(III) A confirmation
sample shall be collected and analyzed for each IOC listed under
40 CFR
141.62(b) which is detected
at a level in excess of its MCL during annual or less frequent compliance
monitoring. The confirmation sample shall be collected within 2 weeks of
notification by the accredited laboratory performing the analysis that an MCL
has been exceeded. The average of the results of the original and the
confirmation samples will be used to determine compliance. Confirmation
monitoring shall be completed by the deadline specified for IOC compliance
monitoring.
(D)
Waivers for antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
fluoride, mercury, nickel, selenium and thallium monitoring. Except
when treatment has been installed to remove the IOC, after 3 consecutive rounds
of quarterly, annual or triennial monitoring indicate the contaminant level for
an IOC is reliably and consistently below the MCL in all samples at an entry
point, routine monitoring for the remainder of the compliance cycle for that
IOC may be waived and the required monitoring for the IOC may be reduced to 1
sample per 9-year compliance cycle at that entry point.
(I) Waivers may be granted based on the
following criteria:
(-a-) Previous analytical
results.
(-b-) Other factors which
may affect contaminant concentrations such as changes in groundwater pumping
rates, changes in the system's configuration, changes in the system's operating
procedures, changes in stream flows or characteristics, or other factors as
determined by the Department on a case-by-case basis.
(II) A decision by the Department to grant a
waiver will be made in writing and will set forth the basis for the
determination. The determination may be made upon an application by the public
water system. The public water system shall specify the basis for its request.
The Department will review and, when appropriate, revise its determination of
the appropriate monitoring frequency when the system submits new monitoring
data or when other data relevant to the system's appropriate monitoring
frequency becomes available.
(III)
Reduced monitoring shall be conducted during the first monitoring period of the
next monitoring cycle. A waiver is effective for one compliance cycle and may
be renewed in each subsequent compliance cycle.
(IV) Waiver requests and renewals shall be
submitted to the Department, on forms provided by the Department, for review
and approval prior to the end of the applicable monitoring period. Until the
waiver request or renewal is approved, the public water system is responsible
for conducting all required monitoring.
(E)
Waivers for cyanide
monitoring. Waivers may be granted for monitoring of cyanide, provided
that the system is not vulnerable due to lack of any industrial source of
cyanide.
(F)
Operational
monitoring for fluoride. Public water suppliers who fluoridate shall
conduct operational monitoring for fluoride daily.
(iv)
Invalidation of IOC
samples.
(A) The Department may
invalidate results of obvious sampling errors.
(B) An IOC sample invalidated under this
subparagraph does not count towards meeting the minimum monitoring requirements
of this section.
(v)
Compliance determinations. Compliance with the IOC MCLs shall
be determined based on the analytical results obtained at each entry point. If
one entry point is in violation of an MCL, the system is in violation of the
MCL.
(A) For systems monitoring more than once
per year, compliance with the MCL for antimony, arsenic, asbestos, barium,
beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel, selenium or
thallium is determined by a running annual average of all samples taken at each
entry point. If the average at any entry point is greater than the MCL, then
the system is out of compliance. If any one sample would cause the annual
average to be exceeded, then the system is out of compliance
immediately.
(B) For systems
monitoring annually, or less frequently, the system is out of compliance with
the MCL for antimony, arsenic, asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel, selenium or thallium if the level of a
contaminant at any sampling point is greater than the MCL. If a confirmation
sample is collected as specified in subparagraph (ii)(C)(III), compliance is
determined using the average of the two samples.
(C) Compliance with the MCLs for nitrate and
nitrite is determined based on one sample if the levels of these contaminants
are below the MCLs. If the levels of nitrate or nitrite exceed the MCLs in the
initial sample, a confirmation sample is required in accordance with
subparagraph (ii)(C)(III), and compliance shall be determined based on the
average of the initial and confirmation samples.
(D) If a system fails to collect the required
number of samples, compliance with the MCL will be based on the total number of
samples collected.
(E) If a sample
result is less than the detection limit, zero will be used to calculate
compliance.
(8)
Monitoring requirements for public water systems that obtain finished
water from another public water system.
(i) Consecutive water suppliers shall monitor
for compliance with the MCL for microbiological contaminants at the frequency
established by the EPA and incorporated by reference into this
chapter.
(ii) Community consecutive
water suppliers shall monitor the distribution system for compliance with the
MCL for asbestos at the frequency indicated in paragraph (7)(i), when the
Department determines that the system's distribution system contains asbestos
cement pipe and optimum corrosion control measures have not been
implemented.
(iii) Consecutive
water suppliers may be exempt from conducting monitoring for the MCLs for VOCs,
SOCs, IOCs, radionuclides and PFAS if the public water system from which the
finished water is obtained complies with paragraphs (5)-(7), (14) and (16) and
is in compliance with the MCLs, except that asbestos monitoring is required in
accordance with subparagraph (ii).
(iv) For a public water system which is not a
consecutive water system, the exemption in subparagraph (iii) applies to entry
points which obtain finished water from another public water system.
(v) A public water supplier that obtains
finished water from another permitted public water system using either surface
water or GUDI sources shall, beginning May 16, 1992, measure the residual
disinfectant concentration at representative points in the distribution system
at least as frequently as the frequency required for total coliform sampling
for compliance with the MCL for microbiological contaminants.
(vi) Community water systems and nontransient
noncommunity water systems that obtain finished water from another permitted
public water system shall comply with the monitoring requirements for
disinfection byproducts and disinfectant residuals in paragraphs (12)(i)-(v)
and (13).
(vii) A community water
system which is a consecutive water system shall comply with the monitoring
requirements for lead and copper as specified in §
109.1101(c)
(relating to lead and copper).
(viii) A public water supplier that obtains
finished water from another permitted public water system using groundwater
shall comply with Subchapter M (relating to additional requirements for
groundwater sources).
(9)
Monitoring requirements for POE devices. A public water
supplier using a POE device shall, in addition to the monitoring requirements
specified in paragraphs (1)- (8), (10)-(16) and Subchapter K (relating to lead
and copper), conduct monitoring on the devices installed. As a minimum, the
monitoring shall include the MCLs for which the POE device is intended to treat
and monthly microbiological monitoring. The Department may allow the water
supplier to reduce the frequency of microbiological monitoring based upon
historical performance. Except for microbiological contaminants, monitoring
shall be performed quarterly on 25% of the installed POE devices with the
locations rotated so that each device is monitored at least once annually,
unless increased monitoring is required by the Department under §
109.302.
(10)
Additional
monitoring. The Department may by written notice require a public
water supplier to conduct monitoring for compliance with MCLs or MRDLs during a
specific portion of a monitoring period, if necessary to ensure compliance with
the monitoring or reporting requirements in this chapter.
(11)
Monitoring requirements for
entry points that do not provide water continuously. Entry points from
which water is not provided during every quarter of the year shall monitor in
accordance with paragraphs (5)-(7), (14) and (16), except that monitoring is
not required during a quarter when water is not provided to the public, unless
special monitoring is required by the Department under §
109.302.
(12)
Monitoring
requirements for is infection byproducts and disinfection byproduct
precursors. Community water systems and nontransient noncommunity
water systems that use a chemical disinfectant or oxidant shall monitor for
disinfection byproducts and disinfection byproduct precursors in accordance
with this paragraph. Community water systems and nontransient noncommunity
water systems that obtain finished water from another public water system that
uses a chemical disinfectant or oxidant to treat the finished water shall
monitor for TTHM and HAA5 in accordance with this paragraph. Systems that use
either surface water or GUDI sources and that serve at least 10,000 persons
shall begin monitoring by January 1, 2002. Systems that use either surface
water or GUDI sources and that serve fewer than 10,000 persons, or systems that
use ground-water sources, shall begin monitoring by January 1, 2004. Systems
monitoring for disinfection byproducts and disinfection byproduct precursors
shall take all samples during normal operating conditions. Systems monitoring
for disinfection byproducts and disinfection byproduct precursors shall use
only data collected under this chapter to qualify for reduced monitoring.
Compliance with the MCLs and monitoring requirements for TTHM, HAA5, chlorite
(where applicable) and bromate (where applicable) shall be determined in
accordance with
40 CFR
141.132 and
141.133
(relating to monitoring requirements; and compliance requirements) which are
incorporated herein by reference.
(i)
TTHM and HAA5 Stage 1 DBP Rule.
(A)
Routine monitoring.
(I) Systems that use either surface water or
GUDI sources shall monitor as follows:
(-a-)
Systems serving at least 10,000 persons shall take at least four samples per
quarter per treatment plant. At least 25% of all samples collected each quarter
shall be collected at locations representing maximum residence time. The
remaining samples shall be taken at locations that are representative of at
least average residence time and that are representative of the entire
distribution system, taking into account the number of persons served, the
different sources of water, and the different treatment methods.
(-b-) Systems serving from 500 to 9,999
persons shall take at least one sample per quarter per treatment plant. The
sample shall be taken at a location that represents a maximum residence
time.
(-c-) Systems serving fewer
than 500 persons shall take at least one sample per year per treatment plant
during the month of warmest water temperature. The sample shall be taken at a
location that represents a maximum residence time. If the sample, or average of
all samples, exceeds either a TTHM or HAA5 MCL, then the system shall take at
least one sample per quarter per treatment plant beginning in the quarter
immediately following the quarter in which the system exceeds either the TTHM
or HAA5 MCL. The sample shall be taken at a location that represents a maximum
residence time. If, after at least 1 year of monitoring, the TTHM running
annual average is no greater than 0.060 mg/L and the HAA5 running annual
average is no greater than 0.045 mg/L, the required monitoring is reduced back
to one sample per year per treatment plant.
(-d-) If a system samples more frequently
than the minimum required in items (-a-)-(-c-), at least 25% of all samples
collected each quarter shall be collected at locations representing maximum
residence time, with the remainder of the samples representing locations of at
least average residence time.
(II) Systems that use only groundwater
sources not included under subclause (I) shall monitor as follows:
(-a-) Systems serving at least 10,000 persons
shall take at least one sample per quarter per treatment plant. Multiple wells
drawing water from a single aquifer may be considered as a single treatment
plant. The sample shall be taken at a location that represents a maximum
residence time.
(-b-) Systems
serving fewer than 10,000 persons shall take at least one sample per year per
treatment plant during the month of warmest water temperature. Multiple wells
drawing water from a single aquifer may be considered as a single treatment
plant. The sample shall be taken at a location that represents a maximum
residence time. If the sample, or average of all samples, exceeds either a TTHM
or HAA5 MCL, then the system shall take at least one sample per quarter per
treatment plant beginning in the quarter immediately following the quarter in
which the system exceeds either the TTHM or HAA5 MCL. The sample shall be taken
at a location that represents a maximum residence time. If, after at least 1
year of monitoring, the TTHM running annual average is no greater than 0.060
mg/L and the HAA5 running annual average is no greater than 0.045 mg/L, the
required monitoring is reduced back to one sample per year per treatment
plant.
(-c-) If a system samples
more frequently than the minimum required, at least 25% of all samples
collected each quarter shall be collected at locations representing maximum
residence time, with the remainder of the samples representing locations of at
least average residence time.
(B)
Reduced monitoring.
Systems shall monitor for TTHM and HAA5 for at least 1 year prior to qualifying
for reduced monitoring. Systems serving at least 500 persons and that use
either surface water or GUDI sources shall monitor source water TOC monthly for
at least 1 year prior to qualifying for reduced monitoring. The Department
retains the right to require a system that meets the requirements of this
clause to resume routine monitoring.
(I) For
systems serving at least 500 persons that use either surface water or GUDI
sources and that have a source water TOC running annual average that is no
greater than 4.0 mg/L, a TTHM running annual average that is no greater than
0.040 mg/L and an HAA5 running annual average that is no greater than 0.030
mg/L, the required monitoring is reduced according to items (-a-) and (-b-).
Systems serving at least 10,000 persons shall resume routine monitoring as
prescribed in clause (A) if the TTHM running annual average exceeds 0.060 mg/L
or the HAA5 running annual average exceeds 0.045 mg/L. Systems serving from 500
to 9,999 persons shall resume routine monitoring as prescribed in clause (A) if
the annual TTHM average exceeds 0.060 mg/L or the annual HAA5 average exceeds
0.045 mg/L. Systems serving at least 500 persons that must resume routine
monitoring shall resume routine monitoring in the quarter immediately following
the quarter in which the system exceeded the specified TTHM or HAA5 criteria.
(-a-) For systems serving at least 10,000
persons, the required monitoring is reduced to one sample per quarter per
treatment plant. The sample shall be taken at a location that represents a
maximum residence time.
(-b-) For
systems serving from 500 to 9,999 persons, the required monitoring is reduced
to one sample per year per treatment plant. The sample shall be taken during
the month of warmest water temperature and at a location that represents a
maximum residence time.
(-c-)
Beginning April 1, 2008, systems not monitoring under the provisions of
subparagraph (v) shall take monthly TOC samples every 30 days at a location
prior to any treatment, to qualify for reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5
under this subparagraph. In addition to meeting other criteria for reduced
monitoring in this section, the source water TOC running annual average must be
less than or equal to 4.0 mg/L (based on the most recent 4 quarters of
monitoring) on a continuing basis at each treatment plant to reduce or remain
on reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5. Once qualified for reduced monitoring
for TTHM and HAA5 under this section, a system may reduce source water TOC
monitoring to quarterly TOC samples taken every 90 days at a location prior to
any treatment.
(II) For
systems that use only groundwater sources not included under subclause (I), the
required monitoring is reduced according to the following:
(-a-) For systems serving at least 10,000
persons that have a TTHM running annual average that is no greater than 0.040
mg/L and an HAA5 running annual average that is no greater than 0.030 mg/L, the
required monitoring is reduced to one sample per year per treatment plant. The
sample shall be taken during the month of warmest water temperature and at a
location that represents a maximum residence time. If the annual TTHM average
exceeds 0.060 mg/L or the annual HAA5 average exceeds 0.045 mg/L, the system
shall resume routine monitoring as prescribed in clause (A) in the quarter
immediately following the quarter in which the system exceeds 0.060 mg/L for
TTHMs or 0.045 mg/L for HAA5.
(-b-)
For systems serving fewer than 10,000 persons that have an annual TTHM average
that is no greater than 0.040 mg/L and an annual HAA5 average that is no
greater than 0.030 mg/L for 2 consecutive years or an annual TTHM average that
is no greater than 0.020 mg/L and an annual HAA5 average that is no greater
than 0.015 mg/L for 1 year, the required monitoring is reduced to one sample
per 3-year cycle per treatment plant. The sample shall be taken at a location
that represents a maximum residence time during the month of warmest water
temperature. The 3-year period shall begin on January 1 following the quarter
in which the system qualifies for reduced monitoring. If the TTHM annual
average exceeds 0.060 mg/L, or the HAA5 annual average exceeds 0.045 mg/L the
system shall resume routine monitoring as prescribed in clause (A), except that
systems that exceed either a TTHM or HAA5 MCL shall increase monitoring to at
least one sample per quarter per treatment plant beginning in the quarter
immediately following the quarter in which the system exceeds the TTHM or HAA5
MCL.
(ii)
TTHM and HAA5 Stage 2 DBP
Rule.
(A)
Applicability and
schedule.
(I) Community water
systems and nontransient noncommunity water systems using a primary or residual
disinfectant other than ultraviolet light or delivers water that has been
treated with a primary or residual disinfectant other than ultraviolet light
shall monitor for compliance with the MCLs based on the LRAA for TTHM and HAA5.
Any system that is part of a combined distribution system shall comply at the
same time as the system with the earliest compliance date in the combined
distribution system. Systems shall comply with this subparagraph as follows:
(-a-) Systems serving 100,000 or more people
begin April 1, 2012.
(-b-) Systems
serving from 50,000 to 99,999 people begin October 1, 2012.
(-c-) Systems serving from 10,000 to 49,999
people begin October 1, 2013.
(-d-)
Systems serving less than 10,000 people:
(-1-) Begin October 1, 2013, if no
Cryptosporidium monitoring is required under §§
109.1201-109.1204.
(-2-) Begin
October 1, 2014, if Cryptosporidium monitoring is required
under §§ 109.1201-109.1204.
(II) For the purpose of the schedule under
this subparagraph, the Department may determine that the combined distribution
system does not include certain consecutive water systems based on factors such
as receiving water from a wholesale system only on an emergency basis or
receiving only a small percentage and small volume of water from a wholesale
system. The Department may also determine that the combined distribution system
does not include certain wholesale systems based on factors such as delivering
water to a consecutive water system only on an emergency basis or delivering
only a small percentage and small volume of water to a consecutive water
system.
(III) All systems
monitoring under this paragraph shall comply with subparagraph (i) until the
dates specified in this subparagraph.
(B)
Routine monitoring.
(I) A system that submitted an IDSE report
shall begin monitoring at the locations and months recommended in the IDSE
report unless the Department notifies the system that other locations or
additional locations are required. A system that submitted a 40/30
certification, or qualified for a very small system waiver or a nontransient
noncommunity water system serving less than 10,000, shall monitor at the
locations and dates identified in its Stage 2 DBP rule monitoring plan
following the schedule in §
109.701(g)(2)(ii)
(relating to reporting and recordkeeping).
(II) A system required to conduct quarterly
monitoring shall begin monitoring in the first full calendar quarter that
includes the compliance date specified in clause (A). A system required to
conduct monitoring at frequencies less than quarterly shall begin monitoring in
the calendar month recommended in the IDSE report in accordance with
40 CFR
141.601 and
141.602 (relating to standard
monitoring; and system specific studies) as incorporated by reference or the
calendar month identified in the Stage 2 DBP rule monitoring plan no later than
12 months after the applicable compliance date under clause (A).
(III) Monitoring shall be conducted at no
fewer than the number of locations identified in the table under subclauses
(IV) and (V). All systems shall monitor during the month of highest DBP
concentrations. Systems on quarterly monitoring shall sample every 90 days at
each monitoring location. Sampling at each monitoring location shall be
conducted as follows:
(-a-) Systems using
surface water or GUDI sources serving a population greater than 3,300 and
systems using groundwater sourcs serving a population of 500 or greater shall
take dual sample sets at each monitoring location.
(-b-) Systems using surface water or GUDI
sources serving a population of 3,300 or less and systems using groundwater
sources serving a population less than 500 shall take individual TTHM and HAA5
samples at the locations with the highest TTHM and HAA5 concentrations,
respectively.
(-c-) Systems serving
a population less than 500 may take a dual sample set at one location per
monitoring period if the highest TTHM and HAA5 concentrations occur at the same
location and during the same month.
(IV) Community water systems and nontransient
noncommunity water systems using surface water or GUDI sources shall monitor as
follows:
Population size
|
Monitoring frequencies
|
Distribution system monitoring location
total per monitoring period
|
< 500 |
Annually |
2 |
500-3,300 |
Quarterly |
2 |
3,301-9,999 |
Quarterly |
2 |
10,000-49,999 |
Quarterly |
4 |
50,000-249,999 |
Quarterly |
8 |
250,000-999,999 |
Quarterly |
12 |
1,000,000-4,999,999 |
Quarterly |
16
|
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]
5,000,000 |
Quarterly |
20 |
(V) Community water systems and nontransient
noncommunity water systems using groundwater sources shall monitor as follows:
Population size
|
Monitoring frequencies
|
Distribution system monitoring location
total per monitoring period
|
< 500 |
Annually |
2 |
500-9,999 |
Annually |
2 |
10,000-99,999 |
Quarterly |
4 |
100,000-499,999 |
Quarterly |
6 |
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]
500,000 |
Quarterly |
8 |
(VI) An undisinfected system that begins
using a disinfectant other than UV light after the dates under
40 CFR
141.600 (relating to general requirements) as
incorporated by reference for complying with the IDSE requirements, shall
consult with the Department to identify compliance monitoring locations. The
system shall develop a monitoring plan under §
109.701(g)(2)(ii)
that includes those monitoring locations.
(VII) Systems shall use analytical techniques
adopted by the EPA under the Federal act for TTHM and HAA5 analyses.
Laboratories that have received accreditation by the Department shall conduct
analyses.
(C)
Reduced monitoring.
(I)
Systems may reduce monitoring to the level specified in the table under
subclauses (II) and (III) if, after at least 4 consecutive quarters, the LRAA
is equal to or less than 0.040 mg/L for TTHM and equal to or less than 0.030
mg/L for HAA5 at all monitoring locations. Only data collected under
subparagraph (i) and this subparagraph may be used to qualify for reduced
monitoring. Systems with surface water or GUDI sources shall also take monthly
TOC samples every 30 days at a location prior to any treatment, to qualify for
reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5 under this clause. In addition to meeting
other criteria for reduced monitoring in this clause, the source water TOC
running annual average (based on the most recent 4 quarters of monitoring) must
be equal to or less than 4.0 mg/L on continuing basis at each treatment plant
to reduce monitoring for TTHM and HAA5. Once qualified for reduced monitoring
for TTHM and HAA5 under this clause, a system may reduce source water TOC
monitoring to quarterly TOC samples taken every 90 days at a location prior to
any treatment.
(II) Community water
systems and nontransient noncommunity water systems using surface water or GUDI
sources may reduce monitoring as follows:
Population size
|
Monitoring frequencies
|
Distribution
system monitoring location total per monitoring period
|
< 500 |
Monitoring may not
be reduced |
500-3,300 |
Annually |
1 TTHM and 1
HAA5 sample: 1 at the location and during the quarter with the highest TTHM
single measurement, 1 at the location and during the quarter with the highest
HAA5 single measurement; 1 dual sample set per year if the highest TTHM and
HAA5 measurements occurred at the same location and quarter. |
3,301-9,999 |
Annually |
2 dual
sample sets: 1 at the location and during the quarter with the highest TTHM
single measurement, 1 at the location and during the quarter with the highest
HAA5 single measurement. |
10,000-49,999 |
Quarterly |
2 dual
sample sets at the locations with the highest TTHM and the highest HAA5
LRAAs. |
50,000-249,999 |
Quarterly |
4 dual
sample sets at the locations with two highest TTHM and two highest HAA5
LRAAs. |
250,000-999,999 |
Quarterly |
6 dual
sample sets at the locations with the three highest TTHM and the three highest
HAA5 LRAAs. |
1,000,000-4,999,999 |
Quarterly |
8
dual sample sets at the location with the four highest TTHM and four highest
HAA5 LRAAs. |
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]
5,000,000 |
Quarterly |
10 dual sample sets at the locations with
the five highest TTHM and five highest HAA5 LRAAs. |
(III) Community water systems and
nontransient noncommunity water systems using groundwater sources may reduce
monitoring as follows:
Population size
|
Monitoring frequencies
|
Distribution
system monitoring location total per monitoring period
|
< 500 |
Every third year |
1 TTHM
and 1 HAA5 sample: 1 at the location and during the quarter with the highest
TTHM single measurement; 1 at the location and during quarter with highest HAA5
single measurement; 1 dual sample set per year if the highest TTHM and HAA5
measurements occurred at the same location and quarter. |
500-9,999 |
Annually |
1 TTHM and 1
HAA5 sample: 1 at the location and during the quarter with highest TTHM single
measurement; 1 at the location during the quarter with the highest HAA5 single
measurement; 1 dual sample set per year if the highest TTHM and HAA5
measurements occurred at the same location and quarter. |
10,000-99,999 |
Annually |
2 dual
sample sets: 1 at the location and during the quarter with the highest TTHM
single measurement; 1 at the location and during the quarter with the highest
HAA5 single measurement. |
100,000-499,999 |
Quarterly |
2 dual
sample sets at the locations with the highest TTHM and highest HAA5 LRAAs.
|
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]
500,000 |
Quarterly |
4 dual sample sets at the locations with the
two highest TTHM and two highest HAA5 LRAAs. |
(IV) Systems on reduced quarterly monitoring
may remain on reduced monitoring as long as the TTHM LRAA is equal to or less
than 0.040 mg/L and the HAA5 LRAA is equal to or less than 0.030 mg/L at each
monitoring location. Systems on reduced annual or less frequent monitoring may
remain on reduced monitoring as long as each TTHM sample result is equal to or
less than 0.060 mg/L and each HAA5 sample result is equal to or less than 0.045
mg/L. In addition, the source water TOC running annual average (based on the
most recent 4 quarters of monitoring) from samples collected every 90 days at a
location prior to any treatment must be equal to or less than 4.0 mg/L at each
treatment plant treating surface water or GUDI sources.
(V) If the LRAA based on quarterly monitoring
at any monitoring location exceeds either 0.040 mg/L for TTHM or 0.030 mg/L for
HAA5 or if the annual (or less frequent) sample at any location exceeds either
0.060 mg/L for TTHM or 0.045 mg/L for HAA5, or if the source water annual
average TOC level, before any treatment, is greater than 4.0 mg/L at any
treatment plant treating surface water or GUDI sources, the system shall resume
routine monitoring under clause (B) or begin increased monitoring if clause
(D)(I) applies.
(VI) The Department
retains the right to require a system that meets the requirements of this
clause to resume routine monitoring.
(VII) A system may remain on reduced
monitoring after the dates identified in clause (A) for compliance with this
subparagraph only if the criteria specified in items (-a-)-(-c-) are met. If
any condition is not met, the system shall resume routine monitoring as
specified in clause (B) by the dates specified in clause (A).
(-a-) The system qualified for a 40/30
certification under 40 CFR
141.603 (relating to 40/30 certification) as
incorporated by reference or has received a very small system waiver under
40 CFR
141.604 (relating to very small system
waivers) as incorporated by reference.
(-b-) The system meets the reduced monitoring
criteria in this clause.
(-c-) The
system has not changed or added monitoring locations from those used for
compliance monitoring in subparagraph (i).
(D)
Increased monitoring.
(I) Systems that are required to monitor at a
particular location annually or less frequently than annually under clause (B)
or (C) shall increase monitoring to dual sample sets once per quarter (taken
every 90 days) at all locations if any single TTHM sample result is greater
than 0.080 mg/L or any single HAA5 sample result is greater than 0.060 mg/L at
any location.
(II) A system may
return to routine monitoring once it has conducted increased monitoring for at
least 4 consecutive quarters and the LRAA for every monitoring location is
equal to or less than 0.060 mg/L for TTHM and is equal to or less than 0.045
mg/L for HAA5.
(III) Systems on
increased monitoring under subparagraph (i) shall remain on increased
monitoring until they qualify for a return to routine monitoring under
subclause (II). Systems shall conduct increased monitoring under subclause (I)
at the monitoring locations in the monitoring plan developed under §
109.701(g)(2)(ii)
beginning at the date identified in clause (A) for compliance with this
subparagraph and remain on increased monitoring until they qualify for a return
to routine monitoring under subclause (II).
(E)
General monitoring and compliance
requirements.
(I) A system required
to monitor quarterly shall calculate LRAAs for TTHM and HAA5 using monitoring
results collected under this subparagraph and determine that each LRAA does not
exceed the MCL. A system that fails to complete four consecutive quarters of
monitoring, shall calculate compliance with the MCL based on the average of the
available data from the most recent 4 quarters. A system that takes more than
one sample per quarter at a monitoring location shall average all samples taken
in the quarter at that location to determine a quarterly average to be used in
the LRAA calculation.
(II) A system
required to monitor yearly or less frequently shall determine that each sample
result is less than the MCL. If any single sample result exceeds the MCL, the
system shall comply with the requirements of clause (D). If no sample result
exceeds the MCL, the sample result for each monitoring location is considered
the LRAA for that monitoring location.
(III) A system required to conduct quarterly
monitoring, shall make compliance calculations at the end of the 4th calendar
quarter that follows the compliance date (or earlier if the LRAA calculated
based on fewer than 4 quarters of data would cause the MCL to be exceeded
regardless of the monitoring results of subsequent quarters) and at the end of
each subsequent calendar quarter. A system required to conduct monitoring at a
frequency that is less than quarterly shall make compliance calculations
beginning with the first compliance sample taken after the compliance
date.
(IV) A system is in violation
of the MCL when the LRAA at any location exceeds the MCL for TTHM or HAA5,
calculated as specified in subclause (I), or the LRAA calculated based on fewer
than 4 quarters of data if the MCL would be exceeded regardless of the
monitoring results of subsequent quarters. A system is in violation of the
monitoring requirements for each quarter that a monitoring result would be used
in calculating an LRAA if it fails to monitor.
(iii)
Chlorite. Community
water systems and nontransient noncommunity water systems that use chlorine
dioxide for disinfection or oxidation shall monitor for chlorite.
(A)
Routine monitoring.
(I)
Daily monitoring.
Systems shall take daily samples at the entrance to the distribution system.
Systems that must conduct additional monitoring in accordance with clause (B)
shall continue to take routine daily samples at the entrance to the
distribution system.
(II)
Monthly monitoring.
(-a-)
Systems shall take a three-sample set each month in the distribution system.
The system shall take one sample at each of the following locations:
(-1-) As close to the first customer as
possible.
(-2-) At a location
representing an average residence time.
(-3-) At a location representing a maximum
residence time.
(-b-)
Systems that must conduct additional monitoring in accordance with subclause
(III) may use the results of the additional monitoring to meet the monthly
monitoring requirements of this subclause.
(III)
Additional monitoring.
If a daily sample at the entrance to the distribution system exceeds the
chlorite MCL, the system shall take three samples in the distribution system on
the following day. The system shall take one sample at each of the following
locations:
(-a-) As close to the first
customer as possible.
(-b-) At a
location representing an average residence time.
(-c-) At a location representing a maximum
residence time.
(B)
Reduced monitoring.
Chlorite monitoring in the distribution system required by clause (A)(II) is
reduced to one three-sample set per quarter after 1 year of monitoring where no
individual chlorite sample taken in the distribution system under clause
(A)(II) has exceeded the chlorite MCL and the system has not been required to
conduct additional monitoring under clause (A)(III). If any of the three
individual chlorite samples taken quarterly in the distribution system exceeds
the chlorite MCL or the system is required to conduct additional monitoring
under clause (A)(III), the system shall revert to routine monitoring as
prescribed by clause (A).
(iv)
Bromate. Community
water systems and nontrans-ient noncommunity water systems that use ozone for
disinfection or oxidation shall monitor for bromate.
(A)
Routine monitoring.
Systems shall take one sample per month for each treatment plant that uses
ozone. Systems shall take the monthly sample at the entrance to the
distribution system while the ozonation system is operating under normal
conditions.
(B)
Reduced
monitoring.
(I) Until March 31,
2009, systems that have an average source water bromide concentration that is
less than 0.05 mg/L based upon representative monthly bromide measurements for
1 year, the required monitoring is reduced from monthly to quarterly. Systems
on reduced monitoring shall continue to take monthly samples for source water
bromide. If the running annual average source water bromide concentration,
computed quarterly, equals or exceeds 0.05 mg/L based upon representative
monthly measurements, the system shall revert to routine monitoring as
prescribed by clause (A).
(II)
Beginning April 1, 2009, a system required to analyze for bromate may reduce
monitoring from monthly to quarterly, if the system's running annual average
bromate concentration computed quarterly is less than or equal to 0.0025 mg/L
based on monthly measurements as prescribed in clause (A) analyzed using
methods specified in
40 CFR
141.132(b)(3)(ii)(B) for the
most recent 4 quarters. Systems qualifying for reduced bromate monitoring under
subclause (I) may remain on reduced monitoring as long as the running annual
average of quarterly bromate samples analyzed using methods specified in
40 CFR
141.132(b)(3)(ii)(B) is less
than or equal to 0.0025 mg/L. If the running annual average bromate
concentration is greater than 0.0025 mg/L, the system shall resume routine
monitoring as prescribed under clause (A).
(v)
DBP precursors.
Community water systems and nontransient noncommunity water systems that use
either surface water or GUDI sources and that use conventional filtration shall
monitor for disinfection byproduct precursors.
(A)
Routine monitoring.
Systems shall take monthly samples of the source water alkalinity, the source
water TOC and postsedimentation TOC for each treatment plant that uses
conventional filtration. Postsedimentation TOC can be taken at any point
between sedimentation effluent and the entry point to the distribution system.
The three samples shall be taken concurrently and at a time that is
representative of both normal operating conditions and influent water
quality.
(B)
Reduced
monitoring. For systems with an average postsedimentation TOC of less
than 2.0 mg/L for 2-consecutive years, or less than 1.0 mg/L for 1 year, the
required monitoring for source water alkalinity, source TOC and
postsedimentation TOC is reduced from monthly to quarterly for each applicable
treatment plant. The system shall revert to routine monitoring as prescribed by
clause (A) in the month following the quarter when the annual average
postsedimentation TOC is not less than 2.0 mg/L.
(C)
Early monitoring.
Systems may begin monitoring to determine whether the TOC removal requirements
of
40
CFR
141.135(b)(1) (relating
to treatment technique for control of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors)
can be met 12 months prior to the compliance date for the system. This
monitoring is not required and failure to monitor during this period is not a
violation. However, any system that does not monitor during this period, and
then determines in the first 12 months after the compliance date that it is not
able to meet the requirements of
40
CFR
141.135(b)(1) and shall
therefore apply for alternate minimum TOC removal requirements under
40
CFR
141.135(b)(4) is not
eligible for retroactive approval of the alternate minimum TOC removal
requirements and is in violation. Systems may apply for alternate minimum TOC
removal requirements any time after the compliance date.
(13)
Monitoring
requirements for disinfectant residuals. Community water systems and
nontransient noncommunity water systems that use either chlorine or chloramines
or that obtain finished water from another public water system that uses either
chlorine or chloramines, and transient noncommunity water systems that install
chemical disinfection treatment in accordance with
109.1302(b)
(relating to treatment technique requirements) shall monitor for residual
disinfectant concentration in accordance with this paragraph. Community water
systems, nontransient noncommunity water systems and transient noncommunity
water systems that use chlorine dioxide to treat the finished water shall
monitor for chlorine dioxide in accordance with this paragraph. Systems
monitoring for residual disinfectant concentration shall take all samples
during normal operating conditions. Compliance with the MRDLs and monitoring
requirements for chlorine, chloramines and chlorine dioxide (where applicable)
shall be determined in accordance with
40 CFR
141.132 and
141.133
which are incorporated herein by reference. Compliance with the minimum
residual disinfectant concentration shall be determined in accordance with
109.710.
(i)
Chlorine and
chloramines.
(A) Until April 28,
2019, systems shall measure the residual disinfectant level at the same points
in the distribution system and at the same time that total coliforms are
sampled, as specified in paragraph (3). Systems that used either surface water
or GUDI sources may use the results of residual disinfectant concentration
sampling conducted under paragraph (1) or (2) in lieu of taking separate
samples.
(B) Beginning April 29,
2019, systems shall measure the residual disinfectant concentration in
accordance with a sample siting plan as specified in § 109.701(a)(8) and
as follows:
(I) Public water systems shall
monitor the residual disinfectant concentration at the same time and from the
same location that a total coliform sample is collected as specified in
paragraph (3)(i) and (ii). Systems that use either surface water or GUDI
sources may use the results of residual disinfectant concentration sampling
conducted under paragraph (1) or (2) instead of taking separate samples.
Measurements taken under this clause may be used to meet the requirements under
subclause (II).
(II) Public water
systems shall monitor the residual disinfectant concentration at representative
locations in the distribution system at least once per week.
(III) A public water system that does not
maintain the minimum residual disinfectant concentration specified in
109.710
at one or more sample sites shall include those sample sites in the monitoring
conducted the following month.
(IV)
Compliance with the minimum residual disinfectant concentration shall be
determined in accordance with § 109.710.
(V) A public water system may substitute
online residual disinfectant concentration monitoring and recording for grab
sample monitoring and manual recording if it validates the online measurement
for accuracy in accordance with § 109.304.
(ii)
Chlorine dioxide.
(A)
Routine monitoring.
Systems shall take one sample per day at the entrance to the distribution
system. For any daily sample that exceeds the MRDL, the system shall conduct
additional monitoring as specified in clause (B) in addition to the sample
required at the entrance to the distribution system.
(B)
Additional monitoring.
If a daily sample at the entrance to the distribution system exceeds the
chlorine dioxide MRDL, the system shall take three samples in the distribution
system on the following day. If chlorine dioxide or chloramines are used to
maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system, or if chlorine is
used to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system and there
are no disinfectant addition points after the entrance to the distribution
system, the system shall take three samples as close to the first customer as
possible, at intervals of at least 6 hours. If chlorine is used to maintain a
disinfectant residual in the distribution system and there are one or more
disinfection addition points after the entrance to the distribution system, the
system shall take one sample at each of the following locations:
(I) As close to the first customer as
possible.
(II) At a location
representing an average residence time.
(III) At a location representing a maximum
residence time.
(14)
Monitoring requirements for
radionuclides. Community water systems shall monitor for compliance
with the MCLs for radionuclides established by the EPA under
40 CFR
141.66(b), (c), (d) and (e)
(relating to maximum contaminant levels for radionuclides). The monitoring
shall be conducted according to the requirements established by the EPA under
40 CFR
141.25 and
141.26
(relating to analytical methods for radioactivity; and monitoring frequency and
compliance requirements for radionuclides in community water systems) which are
incorporated by reference, except as modified by this chapter. Initial or
first-year monitoring mentioned in this paragraph refers to monitoring
conducted on or after January 1, 2005.
(i)
Monitoring requirements for gross alpha particle activity, radium-226,
radium-228 and uranium.
(A)
Initial monitoring schedule. The initial monitoring shall
consist of 4 consecutive quarterly samples for each radionuclide at each entry
point in accordance with the following monitoring schedule except for systems
that are granted reduced initial monitoring in accordance with subclause (V).
(I) Systems serving more than 3,300 persons
shall begin monitoring during the quarter beginning January 1, 2005.
(II) Systems serving 500 to 3,300 persons
shall begin monitoring during the quarter beginning January 1, 2006.
(III) Systems serving fewer than 500 persons
shall begin monitoring during the quarter beginning January 1, 2007.
(IV) Systems that add new entry points
associated with new sources shall conduct initial quarterly monitoring
beginning the first full quarter the entry point begins serving the public.
Quarterly monitoring shall continue until reduced monitoring is granted in
accordance with clause (B) or subclause (V).
(V) If the first 2 quarterly samples for a
radionuclide at an entry point have results below the detection limit, as
defined in 40 CFR
141.25(c)(1), the final 2
quarterly samples for that radionuclide at that entry point are
waived.
(VI) For entry points at
which the average of the initial monitoring results for a radionuclide is above
the MCL, the system shall collect and analyze quarterly samples for that
radionuclide at that entry point until the system has results from 4
consecutive quarters for that radionuclide at that entry point that are at or
below the MCL.
(B)
Repeat monitoring. Beginning with the January 1, 2008,
compliance period, systems shall take one sample for each radionuclide at each
entry point in each 3-year compliance period, unless the system qualifies for
reduced monitoring as follows:
(I) For entry
points where the average of the initial monitoring results for a radionuclide
is at or above the detection limit as defined in
40 CFR
141.25(c)(1), but at or
below one-half of the MCL for that radionuclide, the repeat monitoring is
reduced to one sample for that radionuclide at that entry point every 6
years.
(II) For entry points where
the average of the initial monitoring results for a radionuclide is below the
detection limit as defined in
40 CFR
141.25(c)(1), the repeat
monitoring is reduced to one sample for that radionuclide at that entry point
every 9 years.
(III) If a system
has a monitoring result that exceeds the MCL for a radionuclide, the system
shall collect and analyze quarterly samples for that radionuclide at that entry
point beginning the next calendar quarter following the exceedance until the
system has results from 4 consecutive quarters for that radionuclide at that
entry point that are below the MCL.
(IV) Systems shall use the results of the
samples collected during the repeat monitoring period to determine the
monitoring frequency for subsequent monitoring periods.
(V) Reduced monitoring does not apply to
those systems where treatment has been installed for radionuclide removal to
comply with an MCL listed under
40 CFR
141.66. Compliance monitoring for
radionuclides where treatment has been installed to comply with an MCL shall be
conducted at least annually, and performance monitoring for the specific
radionuclides for which treatment is provided shall be conducted
quarterly.
(C)
Gross alpha substitution. A gross alpha particle activity
measurement may be substituted for the required radium-226 measurement provided
that the measured gross alpha particle activity does not exceed 5 pCi/L. A
gross alpha particle activity measurement may be substituted for the required
uranium measurement provided that the measured gross alpha particle activity
does not exceed 15 pCi/L. The gross alpha measurement shall have a confidence
interval of 95% (1.65 Click to
view Image, where Click to view Image is the
standard deviation of the net counting rate of the sample) for radium-226 and
uranium. If the gross alpha particle activity result is less than the detection
limit as defined in 40 CFR
141.25(c)(1), one-half of
the detection limit will be used to determine compliance and the future
monitoring frequency.
(D)
Grandfathering. The Department will allow appropriate
historical data collected at an entry point to satisfy the initial monitoring
requirements required under clause (A) for that entry point in the following
situations:
(I) A system having only one
entry point may use the monitoring data from the compliance monitoring period
between June 2000 and December 8, 2003.
(II) A system with multiple entry points and
having appropriate historical data for each entry point may use the monitoring
data from the compliance monitoring period between June 2000 and December 8,
2003.
(III) A system with multiple
entry points and having appropriate historical data for a representative point
in the distribution system may use the monitoring data from the compliance
monitoring period between June 2000 and December 8, 2003, provided that the
Department finds that the appropriate historical data satisfactorily
demonstrate that each entry point is expected to be in compliance based upon
the appropriate historical data and reasonable assumptions about the
variability of radionuclide levels between entry points. The system shall
supply sufficient information to allow the Department to make a written finding
indicating how the data conform to these
requirements.
(ii)
Monitoring requirements for
beta-particle and photon radioactivity.
(A) Systems designated by the Department as
vulnerable to beta-particle or photon radioactivity, or both, shall sample for
beta particle and photon radioactivity. Systems shall collect quarterly samples
for beta emitters and annual samples for tritium and strontium-90 at each entry
point, beginning within 1 quarter after being notified by the Department.
(I) If the gross beta particle activity minus
the naturally occurring potassium-40 beta particle activity at an entry point
has a running annual average (computed quarterly) less than or equal to 50
pCi/L (screening level), the frequency of monitoring at that entry point shall
be repeated every 3 years. Systems shall collect all samples required in clause
(A) during the reduced monitoring period.
(II) For systems in the vicinity of a nuclear
facility, the system may utilize environmental surveillance data collected by
the nuclear facility in lieu of monitoring at the system's entry points, when
the Department determines that the data is applicable to the system. If there
is a release from a nuclear facility, systems that are using surveillance data
shall begin monitoring at the community water system's entry points in
accordance with clause (A).
(B) Systems designated by the Department as
utilizing waters contaminated by effluents from nuclear facilities shall sample
for beta particle and photon radioactivity. Systems shall monitor quarterly for
beta emitters and iodine-131, and annually for tritium and strontium-90 at each
entry point, beginning within 1 quarter after being notified by the Department.
Monitoring shall be conducted as follows:
(I)
Monitoring for gross beta particle activity shall be based on the average of an
analysis of 3 monthly samples.
(II)
For iodine-131, a composite of five consecutive daily samples shall be analyzed
once each quarter. More frequent monitoring, as determined by the Department,
shall be conducted when iodine-131 is identified in the finished
water.
(III) Monitoring for
strontium-90 and tritium shall be conducted by means of the analysis of 4
quarterly samples.
(IV) If the
gross beta particle activity minus the naturally occurring potassium-40 beta
particle activity at an entry point has a running annual average (computed
quarterly) less than or equal to 15 pCi/L (screening level), the frequency of
monitoring at that entry point shall be reduced to four consecutive quarterly
samples taken once every 3 years. Systems shall collect all samples required in
clause (B) during the reduced monitoring period.
(V) For systems in the vicinity of a nuclear
facility, the system may utilize environmental surveillance data collected by
the nuclear facility in lieu of monitoring at the system's entry points, when
the Department determines that the data is applicable to the system. If there
is a release from a nuclear facility, systems that are using surveillance data
shall begin monitoring at the system's entry points in accordance with clause
(B).
(C) Systems
designated by the Department to monitor for beta particle and photon
radioactivity may not apply to the State for a waiver from the monitoring
frequencies specified in clause (A) or (B).
(D) Systems may analyze for naturally
occurring potassium-40 beta particle activity from the same or equivalent
sample used for the gross beta particle activity analysis. The potassium-40
beta particle activity shall be calculated by multiplying elemental potassium
concentrations (in mg/L) by a factor of 0.82.
(E) If the gross beta particle activity minus
the naturally occurring potassium-40 beta particle activity exceeds the
screening level, an analysis of the sample shall be performed to identify the
major radioactive constituents present in the sample. The results of the
individual constituent analysis shall be reported in pCi/L, and the appropriate
doses must be calculated and summed to determine compliance with the MCL, using
the formula in 40 CFR
141.66(d)(2). Doses shall
also be calculated and combined for measured levels of tritium and strontium to
determine compliance.
(F) Systems
shall monitor monthly at the entry points that exceed the MCL beginning the
month after the exceedance occurs. Systems shall continue monthly monitoring
until the system has established, by a rolling average of three monthly
samples, that the MCL is being met. Systems that establish that the MCL is
being met shall return to quarterly monitoring until they meet the requirements
set forth in subclause (A)(I) or (B)(IV).
(iii)
General monitoring and
compliance requirements.
(A) The
Department may require more frequent sampling than specified in subparagraphs
(i) and (ii), or may require confirmation samples. The results of the initial
and confirmation samples will be averaged for use in compliance
determinations.
(B) Each system
shall monitor at the time designated by the Department during each compliance
period.
(C) Compliance with the
MCLs will be determined based on the analytical results obtained at each entry
point. If one entry point is in violation of an MCL, the system is in violation
of the MCL.
(I) For systems monitoring more
than once per year, compliance with the MCL is determined by a running annual
average at each entry point. If the running annual average at an entry point is
greater than the MCL, the system is in violation of the MCL. If a sample result
will cause the running annual average to exceed the MCL at an entry point, the
system is in violation of the MCL immediately.
(II) Systems shall include all samples taken
and analyzed under this section in determining compliance, even if that number
is greater than the minimum required.
(III) If a system does not collect all
required samples when compliance is based on a running annual average of
quarterly samples, compliance will be based on the running average of the
samples collected.
(IV) If a sample
result is less than the detection limit, zero will be used to calculate the
annual average, unless a gross alpha particle activity is being used in lieu of
radium-226 or uranium, or both. If the gross alpha particle activity result is
less than detection, one-half of the detection limit will be used to calculate
the annual average.
(D)
The Department may delete results of obvious sampling or analytic
errors.
(15)
Monitoring requirements for reserve entry points and entry points
supplied by one or more reserve sources. Beginning August 20, 2019, a
water supplier using reserve sources or reserve entry points as defined and
identified in the comprehensive monitoring plan in §
109.718(a)
(relating to comprehensive monitoring plan) shall:
(i) Monitor reserve entry points at the
initial frequencies specified in paragraphs (5)-(7), (14) and (16).
(ii) Monitor permanent entry points at the
initial frequencies specified in paragraphs (5)-(7), (14) and (16) while the
entry point is receiving water from a reserve source.
(iii) Conduct special monitoring as required
by the Department under § 109.302.
(16)
Monitoring requirements for
PFAS. Community water systems and nontransient noncommunity water
systems shall monitor for compliance with the MCLs for PFAS established under
§ 109.202(a).
(i)
Initial
monitoring. Initial monitoring shall consist of 4 consecutive
quarterly samples at each entry point in accordance with the following
monitoring schedule:
(A) Systems serving more
than 350 persons shall begin monitoring during the quarter beginning January 1,
2024.
(B) Systems serving 350 or
fewer persons shall begin monitoring during the quarter beginning January 1,
2025.
(C) Upon request, a system
required to conduct monitoring under the Fifth Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5), specified in 40 CFR Part
141 , may upon written
approval from the Department modify the initial monitoring period required
under clause (A) or (B) to coincide with UCMR 5.
(D) Systems that add new sources to new or
existing entry points on or after the applicable dates in clauses (A) and (B),
shall conduct initial monitoring according to this clause. An entry point with
one or more new sources shall be monitored for 4 consecutive quarters,
beginning the first full quarter the entry point begins serving the
public.
(ii)
Repeat monitoring for PFAS that are detected. For entry points
at which a PFAS is detected at a level equal to or greater than its
corresponding MRL as defined in § 109.304(f), then:
(A) Monitoring for the detected PFAS shall be
conducted quarterly, beginning the quarter following the detection, until
reduced monitoring is granted in accordance with this subparagraph.
(B) The Department may decrease the quarterly
monitoring requirement specified in clause (A) if it has determined that
monitoring results are reliably and consistently below the MCL. The Department
will not make this determination until the water system obtains results from a
minimum of four consecutive quarterly samples that are reliably and
consistently below the MCL.
(C) If
the Department determines that the monitoring results are reliably and
consistently below the MCL, the Department may allow the system to monitor
annually. Systems which monitor annually shall monitor during the quarter that
previously yielded the highest analytical result, or as specified by the
Department.
(iii)
Repeat monitoring for PFAS that are not detected. For entry
points at which a PFAS is not detected during initial monitoring in accordance
with subparagraph (i), required monitoring for the PFAS not detected is reduced
to one sample per entry point during each subsequent compliance period. This
reduced monitoring shall be conducted in the same year as reduced monitoring
granted for VOCs under paragraph (5)(iv)(B) and SOCs under paragraph (6)(iii)
as specified by the Department.
(iv)
Repeat monitoring for PFAS with
MCL exceedances. For entry points at which a PFAS MCL is exceeded,
monitoring for the exceeding PFAS shall be conducted quarterly, beginning the
quarter following the exceedance. Quarterly monitoring shall continue until a
minimum of four consecutive quarterly samples shows the system is in compliance
as specified in subparagraph (ix) and the Department determines the system is
reliably and consistently below the MCL. If the Department determines that the
system is in compliance and is reliably and consistently below the MCL, the
Department may allow the system to monitor in accordance with subparagraph
(ii)(C).
(v)
Confirmation
samples. A confirmation sample shall be collected and analyzed for
each of the PFAS detected in exceedance of its MCL during annual or less
frequent compliance monitoring. The confirmation sample shall be collected
within 2 weeks of notification from the accredited laboratory performing the
analysis that an MCL has been exceeded.
(vi)
Monitoring for entry points with
PFAS removal treatment. The reduced monitoring option in subparagraph
(iii) does not apply to entry points at which treatment has been installed for
PFAS removal. Compliance monitoring for the specific PFAS for which treatment
has been installed shall be conducted at least annually. Performance monitoring
shall be conducted at least quarterly for the specific PFAS for which treatment
has been installed.
(vii)
Waivers. Systems conducting monitoring under subparagraph (ii)
at groundwater or GUDI entry points may apply for a use waiver for those entry
points which have 3 consecutive years of quarterly or annual samples with no
detection of the PFAS monitored under subparagraph (ii). A use waiver from
conducting monitoring under subparagraph (ii)(C) may be granted to a public
water supplier with groundwater or GUDI entry points based on documentation
provided by the public water supplier and a determination by the Department
that the requirements in clauses (A) and (B) have been met. Entry points at
which treatment has been installed to remove one or more of the PFAS are not
eligible for a waiver.
(A) A use waiver may
be granted for a specific entry point after evaluating knowledge of previous
use, including storage, manufacturing, transport or disposal of one or more
PFAS within the wellhead protection area Zones I and II as defined under §
109.1. If a determination by the Department reveals no previous use, a waiver
may be granted for the entry point.
(B) Waiver requests and renewals shall be
submitted to the Department, on forms provided by the Department, for review
and approval prior to the end of the applicable monitoring period. Until the
waiver request or renewal is approved, the public water system is responsible
for conducting all required monitoring.
(C) If a use waiver is granted by the
Department, required monitoring at that entry point is reduced to one sample
during the subsequent compliance period. This monitoring shall be conducted
during the quarter that previously yielded the highest analytical result, or as
specified by the Department, and in the same years as any reduced monitoring
granted for VOCs under paragraph (5)(iv)(B) and SOCs under paragraph (6)(iii)
as specified by the Department.
(D)
A waiver is effective for one compliance period and may be renewed in each
subsequent compliance period.
(viii)
Invalidation of PFAS
samples.
(A) The Department may
invalidate results of obvious sampling errors.
(B) A sample invalidated under this
subparagraph does not count towards meeting the minimum monitoring requirements
of this paragraph.
(ix)
Compliance determinations. Compliance with the PFAS MCLs shall
be determined based on the analytical results obtained at each entry point. If
one entry point is in violation of an MCL, the system is in violation of the
MCL.
(A) For systems monitoring more than once
per year, compliance with the MCL is determined by a running annual average of
all samples taken at each entry point.
(B) If monitoring is conducted annually or
less frequently, the system is out of compliance if the level of a contaminant
at any entry point is greater than the MCL. If a confirmation sample is
collected as specified in subparagraph (v), compliance is determined using the
average of the two sample results.
(C) If any sample result will cause the
running annual average to exceed the MCL at any entry point, the system is out
of compliance with the MCL immediately.
(D) If a system fails to collect the required
number of samples, compliance with the MCL will be based on the total number of
samples collected.
(E) If a sample
result is less than the MRL, zero will be used to calculate
compliance.